Blood typing, serologic; ABO
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Blood Typing, Serologic; ABO
(Common names: Blood Typing, ABO Grouping)
Summary
Blood typing is a simple lab test that identifies a person's blood type by determining the specific markers (antigens) present on the surface of red blood cells. This procedure categorizes blood into one of four major types: A, B, AB, or O.
Purpose
The procedure is used to ensure safe blood transfusions, organ transplants, and during pregnancy to prevent blood type incompatibilities between mother and fetus.
Indications
- Prior to blood transfusions
- During pregnancy to assess Rh compatibility
- For individuals needing organ transplants
- To diagnose certain medical conditions that may affect blood type
Preparation
No special preparation is needed. Patients do not need to fast or alter their medication regimen before the test.
Procedure Description
- A healthcare professional draws a small sample of blood, usually from a vein in the arm.
- The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory.
- In the lab, the blood is mixed with antibodies that react with the corresponding antigens on the red blood cells.
- The lab analyst observes how the blood reacts to identify the ABO blood type.
No anesthesia or sedation is required.
Duration
The blood draw takes around 5 minutes. Laboratory analysis can take up to an hour.
Setting
The blood draw can be performed in outpatient clinics, hospitals, or specialized testing labs.
Personnel
- Phlebotomist or nurse (to draw the blood sample)
- Medical laboratory technician or technologist (to perform the blood typing analysis)
Risks and Complications
- Minor risks associated with blood draws: slight pain, bruising, or infection at the needle site.
- Extremely rare: fainting or blood clots.
Benefits
- Accurate identification of blood type, crucial for safe blood transfusions and organ donations.
- Helps prevent serious reactions during transfusions or in prenatal care.
Recovery
No recovery time is needed. Patients can resume normal activities immediately.
Alternatives
- Genetic blood typing (rarely used, more complex).
- Typing and crossmatch: a detailed compatibility test before transfusions.
Patient Experience
During the procedure, the patient may feel a brief sting or pinch when the needle is inserted. Post-procedure, there may be minor discomfort or bruising at the site, which usually resolves quickly.