Name of the Procedure:

Complement; antigen, each component
(Also known as Complement Component Testing or Complement Antigen Testing)

Summary

Complement Antigen Testing is a blood test that measures the levels of specific proteins in the complement system. The complement system is a part of the immune system that enhances the ability to fight pathogens and remove damaged cells.

Purpose

The test is used to diagnose and monitor diseases that affect the immune system, like autoimmune disorders. It helps identify deficiencies or malfunctions in the complement proteins to provide effective treatment strategies.

Indications

• Symptoms of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Recurrent infections
• Monitoring the effectiveness of treatment for immune system-related diseases
• Unexplained inflammation

Preparation

• Typically no fasting required.
• Inform your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements you are taking.
• No specific diagnostic tests required beforehand.

Procedure Description

1. A healthcare professional will clean your skin with antiseptic.
2. A small needle is inserted into a vein, usually in your arm.
3. Blood is drawn into a vial or syringe.
4. The sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis.
5. The site is cleaned and bandaged.

Duration

The actual blood draw takes about 5-10 minutes.

Setting

Usually conducted in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or blood draw center.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse for drawing blood
• Laboratory technicians for analyzing the sample

Risks and Complications

• Mild pain or bruising at the needle site
• Infection (very rare)
• Fainting or dizziness (occasionally)

Benefits

• Accurate diagnosis of immune system disorders
• Helps guide appropriate treatment plans
• Early detection of complement deficiencies

Recovery

• Minimal recovery time is needed.
• Keep the bandage on for at least a few hours.
• Follow any specific instructions given by the healthcare provider.

Alternatives

• Other blood tests based on clinical symptoms and history
• Immunoassays and functional assays
• Imaging studies for detailed diagnosis

Patient Experience

• Minor discomfort during blood draw
• Possible short-term bruising or soreness at the puncture site
• Test results typically available within a few days
• Little to no recovery time required