Culture, typing; immunofluorescent method, each antiserum
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Culture, typing; immunofluorescent method, each antiserum
Summary
This is a laboratory procedure used to identify and type specific microorganisms or cells within a sample using immunofluorescence. Antisera, which are blood serum containing antibodies, are applied to detect the presence of antigens in the sample. The process involves using a fluorescent dye to visualize the binding of the antigens and antibodies under a microscope.
Purpose
This procedure is utilized to diagnose infections or identify specific cell types in a sample. The goal is to determine the presence and type of microorganisms or cells, which helps guide appropriate treatment plans.
Indications
- Unexplained infections or fevers
- Suspected bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections
- Need to identify specific cell types in tissue samples, such as in cancer diagnosis
Preparation
- No specific preparation is usually required from the patient.
- The sample collection (e.g., blood, tissue) may have its own pre-collection instructions depending on the type of sample required.
- Patients may be advised to inform their healthcare provider of any medications or allergies.
Procedure Description
- Sample Collection:
- Samples are collected from the patient, such as blood, tissue, or other body fluids.
- Sample Preparation:
- The sample is prepared on a microscope slide.
- Antiserum with antibodies specific to the antigens of interest is applied to the sample.
- Staining:
- A fluorescent dye is added that binds to the antibodies.
- Examination:
- The slide is examined under a fluorescence microscope.
- The binding of antibodies to antigens emits fluorescence, indicating the presence and type of microorganisms or cells.
Duration
The procedure, including sample preparation and examination, typically takes a few hours.
Setting
Performed in a specialized laboratory setting.
Personnel
- Laboratory technicians
- Microbiologists
- Pathologists
Risks and Complications
- Minimal risks, mostly associated with the sample collection process (e.g., bleeding, infection at the collection site).
- Risk of false-positive or false-negative results, leading to potential misdiagnosis.
Benefits
- Accurate identification and typing of microorganisms or cells.
- Helps in the timely diagnosis and appropriate management of infections and diseases.
- Results are generally quick, aiding in prompt treatment decisions.
Recovery
- No downtime or recovery period required as the procedure is non-invasive to the patient.
- Patients can resume normal activities immediately if the sample collection process does not involve invasive methods.
Alternatives
- Other culture methods (e.g., bacterial culture, viral culture).
- Molecular diagnostic techniques such as PCR.
- Each alternative varies in terms of specificity, sensitivity, time, and cost compared to the immunofluorescent method.
Patient Experience
- Patients may experience minor discomfort during sample collection.
- No pain or discomfort expected from the laboratory procedure itself.
- Patients should receive results from their healthcare provider, who will explain the findings and any necessary follow-up actions.