Name of the Procedure:

Clotting; high molecular weight kininogen assay (Fitzgerald factor assay)

Summary

The high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) assay, also known as the Fitzgerald factor assay, is a blood test that measures the level of a specific protein important for blood clotting. This test helps in diagnosing blood clotting disorders.

Purpose

This assay evaluates the presence and functionality of high molecular weight kininogen in the blood, which plays a critical role in the clotting process. It is commonly used to investigate unexplained bleeding, clotting issues, or to monitor known clotting disorders.

Indications

• Unexplained bleeding or easy bruising
• Suspected blood clotting disorders
• Monitoring known clotting disorders, such as Hemophilia
• Pre-surgical assessment to prevent excessive bleeding

Preparation

• No fasting is generally required.
• Patients may need to disclose any medications they are taking, as some could affect clotting (e.g., blood thinners).
• The healthcare provider might schedule a preliminary physical examination or blood tests to check for other underlying conditions.

Procedure Description

1. A healthcare professional draws a blood sample from a vein, typically in the arm.
2. The blood sample is then sent to a lab where it is tested for the presence and activity of high molecular weight kininogen.
3. Specific reagents and instruments measure the protein levels and activity within the sample.
4. The results are analyzed, and a report is generated.

Duration

The blood draw itself usually takes about 5-10 minutes. Lab analysis can vary but typically takes a few days to a week.

Setting

The blood draw is performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or diagnostic laboratory.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse for the blood draw
• Laboratory technicians and pathologists for analyzing the blood sample

Risks and Complications

• Minor discomfort or bruising at the blood draw site
• Rarely, infection at the puncture site
• Faintness or dizziness during or after the blood draw

Benefits

• Accurate diagnosis of clotting disorders
• Guiding treatment decisions to manage or correct clotting issues
• Preventing complications during surgeries or other medical procedures by predicting bleeding risks

Recovery

• Minimal to no recovery needed
• Patients can usually return to their normal activities immediately after the blood draw
• Follow-up appointments may be necessary to discuss results and treatment options

Alternatives

• Other clotting factor assays or tests for comprehensive clotting workup
• Genetic testing for inherited clotting disorders
• Clinical evaluation by a hematologist for a thorough bleeding disorder assessment

Patient Experience

• The patient may experience a brief pinch during the blood draw.
• Mild soreness or bruising at the puncture site is possible.
• Results and follow-up discussion with healthcare providers will provide clarity on any findings and next steps for treatment or management.