Name of the Procedure:

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) Screen

Summary

The Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) screen is a blood test that checks for a deficiency in the G6PD enzyme. This enzyme is important for the proper functioning of red blood cells. A deficiency can lead to episodes of hemolytic anemia, especially after consuming certain foods or medications or during times of infection.

Purpose

• Medical Condition or Problem: The test addresses G6PD deficiency, which can lead to hemolytic anemia.
• Goals/Expected Outcomes: To diagnose G6PD deficiency, guide treatment decisions, and prevent complications related to hemolytic anemia by avoiding certain triggers.

Indications

• Symptoms or Conditions: Episodes of jaundice, dark urine, fatigue, shortness of breath, or a sudden drop in hemoglobin level, especially after consuming certain foods (like fava beans) or medications.
• Patient Criteria: Individuals with a family history of G6PD deficiency, certain ethnic groups (e.g., African, Mediterranean, or Asian descent), or patients who have had unexplained episodes of hemolytic anemia.

Preparation

• Pre-procedure Instructions: Generally, no special preparation like fasting is needed.
• Diagnostic Tests: No specific diagnostic tests are required beforehand, but a thorough medical history and review of symptoms are essential.

Procedure Description

• Step-by-Step Explanation:
  1. A small blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm.
  2. The blood is sent to a lab where it is analyzed for G6PD enzyme activity.
• Tools/Equipment: A syringe and collection tube for drawing blood.
• Anesthesia/Sedation: Not applicable; the procedure is typically painless with only minor discomfort from the needle stick.

Duration

• Typical Time: The blood draw takes about 5-10 minutes. Lab results may take a few days to be processed.

Setting

• Location: Performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or a specialized lab.

Personnel

• Healthcare Professionals: Usually performed by a nurse or a phlebotomist who collects the blood sample.

Risks and Complications

• Common Risks: Minor bruising or bleeding at the needle site.
• Rare Risks: Infection at the needle site or fainting during the blood draw.
• Complications Management: Proper technique and hygienic measures minimize risks, and any complications are easily managed.

Benefits

• Expected Benefits: Early and accurate diagnosis of G6PD deficiency. Helps prevent hemolytic anemia by guiding dietary and medication choices.
• Realization Time: Benefits can be realized as soon as results are available and appropriate lifestyle adjustments are made.

Recovery

• Post-procedure Care: Minimal care needed; keep the needle site clean.
• Expected Recovery Time: No recovery time required; normal activities can be resumed immediately.
• Follow-Up: Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss results and management plans.

Alternatives

• Other Options: Genetic testing can sometimes be used but is less common. Clinical diagnosis based on symptoms and history can be considered.
• Pros and Cons: Genetic testing may provide more comprehensive information but is typically more expensive and less accessible than a G6PD screen.

Patient Experience

• During Procedure: Minor discomfort from the needle prick.
• After Procedure: Typically, no pain or significant discomfort post-procedure.
• Pain Management/Comfort Measures: A local anesthetic cream can be used to numb the skin but is usually unnecessary.