KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) (eg, carcinoma) gene analysis; variants in exon 2 (eg, codons 12 and 13)
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) Gene Analysis; Variants in Exon 2 (e.g., codons 12 and 13)
Summary
KRAS gene analysis is a genetic test that examines specific areas of the KRAS gene, particularly those in exon 2, including codons 12 and 13. This procedure helps detect mutations that may be associated with various types of cancer, such as colorectal carcinoma.
Purpose
The procedure aims to identify mutations in the KRAS gene to help diagnose certain cancers, determine prognosis, and guide treatment decisions, especially regarding targeted therapies.
Indications
- Diagnosis and management of colorectal carcinoma, lung cancer, or pancreatic cancer.
- Patients with tumors that are suspected to have KRAS mutations.
- Individuals undergoing targeted therapy assessment.
Preparation
- No special preparation, fasting, or medication adjustments are typically required.
- A tissue biopsy or blood sample is usually needed, which might involve prior procedural arrangements.
Procedure Description
- Sample Collection: A tissue biopsy from the tumor or a blood sample is taken.
- DNA Extraction: The genetic material is extracted from the sample.
- Genetic Testing: Advanced techniques such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) or sequencing are employed to analyze the specific regions of the KRAS gene, focusing on exon 2 and codons 12 and 13.
- Analysis and Reporting: The results are analyzed and reported to determine if any mutations are present.
Duration
The procedure itself takes minutes to an hour, but lab analysis may take a few days to several weeks.
Setting
The sample collection is usually performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or specialized diagnostic lab.
Personnel
- Oncologists
- Pathologists
- Geneticists
- Laboratory technicians
Risks and Complications
- For tissue biopsy: Minor bleeding, infection, or pain at the biopsy site.
- For blood samples: Minor discomfort or bruising at the needle site.
Benefits
- Provides valuable information for accurate cancer diagnosis.
- Helps in determining the most effective treatment plans, including eligibility for targeted therapies.
- Offers insights into prognosis.
Recovery
- Minimal to no recovery time is needed after sample collection.
- Specific care instructions might be provided if a biopsy was performed.
Alternatives
- Other genetic tests or broader genomic panels.
- Imaging studies (e.g., CT or MRI scans) for tumor assessment.
Immunohistochemistry for protein expression analysis.
Patient Experience
- Sample collection via biopsy might involve local anesthesia and a brief recovery period.
- Blood sample collection involves minimal discomfort, similar to a standard blood draw.
- Genetic testing itself is non-invasive and painless, with patients unlikely to experience any physical sensation from the procedure.