Name of the Procedure:

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening
Common Name(s): Low-dose CT scan, LDCT
Medical Term: Low-dose computed tomography

Summary

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening is a non-invasive imaging test used to detect lung cancer early in individuals at high risk. It uses lower levels of radiation compared to standard CT scans to create detailed images of the lungs.

Purpose

To identify lung cancer at an early stage in individuals at high risk, such as heavy smokers or former smokers. Early detection aims to improve treatment outcomes and survival rates by catching cancer before it spreads.

Indications

• Age 50-80 years old
• Current smokers or those who have quit within the last 15 years
• Have a smoking history equivalent to at least 20 pack-years (e.g., one pack a day for 20 years or two packs a day for 10 years)
• No signs or symptoms of lung cancer

Preparation

• No specific fasting or special preparations needed.
• Wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing and remove any metallic objects.
• Inform the healthcare provider of any existing conditions, especially if pregnant or breastfeeding.

Procedure Description

1. Registration and Check-in: The patient arrives at the imaging center and completes necessary paperwork.
2. Preparation: The patient changes into a hospital gown and removes jewelry and metallic objects to avoid interference with the imaging.
3. Positioning: The patient lies flat on their back on the CT table. Pillows or straps may be used to help them remain still.
4. Imaging: The CT table moves through the scanner, which captures detailed images of the lungs. The patient will need to hold their breath for a few seconds while the images are taken.
5. Completion: The scan is reviewed by a radiologist, and the results are sent to the patient's healthcare provider.

No anesthesia or sedation is required as the procedure is painless.

Duration

The entire procedure typically takes about 10-20 minutes, with the actual scanning process taking only a few minutes.

Setting

The procedure is typically performed in a hospital radiology department, outpatient imaging center, or lung screening clinic.

Personnel

• Radiologic technologist (to operate the CT scanner and assist the patient)
• Radiologist (to interpret the scan results)
• Other healthcare staff (for administrative purposes)

Risks and Complications

• Common Risks: Exposure to a low level of radiation.
• Rare Risks: False positives leading to unnecessary additional testing, false negatives missing an existing cancer, incidental findings requiring further evaluation.
• Complications Management: Further diagnostic procedures like biopsy or additional imaging.

Benefits

Early detection of lung cancer which significantly increases treatment success and survival rates. Results are typically available within a few days.

Recovery

• No recovery time is needed. Patients can resume normal activities immediately.
• Follow-up appointments may be scheduled based on the results.
• Regular annual screenings may be recommended for high-risk individuals.

Alternatives

• Chest X-ray: Less sensitive compared to LDCT; not recommended for lung cancer screening.
• MRI or PET scans: Generally used for further evaluation rather than primary screening.
• Lifestyle changes and smoking cessation programs to reduce lung cancer risk.

Patient Experience

• The patient might feel anxious but the procedure itself is painless.
• The procedure involves lying still for a brief period and holding one's breath for short intervals.
• Comfort measures include a calm environment and communication from healthcare staff to alleviate any concerns.