Prior authorization request form Form

Cardiac Event Monitors

Last Review Date: October 10, 2025 
Number: MG.MM.DM.18cC4

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Definitions Guideline I. External intermittent cardiac event monitors (i.e., external loop recorders) and external intermittent cardiac event monitors with real-time data transmission and analysis (e.g., eCardio eVolution)
Medically necessary for any of the following conditions: A. To evaluate members with a history of cryptogenic stroke who have had a negative 24- hour Holter or negative monitoring for 24 hours during a hospital stay B. To document the benefit after initiating drug therapy for an arrhythmia C. To document recurrence of arrhythmia after discontinuation of drug therapy D. To document results after ablation procedure for arrhythmia E. To evaluate members with symptoms suggestive of arrhythmia, such as palpitations, heart racing, dizziness or syncope who have had a negative 24-hour Holter monitor or who have symptoms that are documented to be less frequent than every 24 hours

II. Mobile cardiovascular telemetry (MCT)
(E.g., CardioNet Mobile Cardiac Outpatient Telemetry [MCOT] Service; Cardiac Telecom and Health Monitoring Services of America’s Telemetry @ Home Service; Heartrak ECAT [External Cardiac Ambulatory Telemetry] [Mednet Healthcare Technologies]; HEARTLink™ II ECG Arrhythmia Detector and Alarm System [Cardiac Telecom]; LifeStar ACT Monitor [LifeWatch]; SAVI® Telemetry [Mediacomp]; Scott Care™ Cardiovascular Solutions]) Medically necessary for the evaluation of recurrent unexplained episodes of pre-syncope, syncope, palpitations or dizziness when the following criteria (A or B) is met: A. Evaluation of recurrent unexplained episodes of presyncope, syncope, palpitations or dizziness when both are applicable:

i. Cardiac arrhythmia is suspected cause of symptoms ii. Member has a non-diagnostic Holter monitor, or symptoms occur infrequently (i.e., < daily) such that the arrhythmia is unlikely to be diagnosed by Holter monitoring
B. Evaluation of members with suspected AF as a cause of cryptogenic stroke who have had a nondiagnostic Holter monitor

III. Implantable loop recorder (e.g., Reveal Insertable Loop Recorder [Medtronic])
Medically necessary for the following indications: A. Evaluation of recurrent unexplained episodes of pre-syncope, syncope, "seizures" or dizziness when both of the following criteria are met: i. Cardiac arrhythmia is suspected cause of symptoms ii. Either of the following criteria is met: a. Member with heart failure, prior myocardial infarction (MI) or significant ECG abnormalities (see Appendix) — noninvasive ambulatory monitoring (consisting of 30-day presymptom external loop recordings or MCT) fails to establish a definitive diagnosis b. Member without heart failure, prior MI or significant ECG abnormalities (see Appendix) — symptoms occur so infrequently and unpredictably (i.e., < once per month) that noninvasive ambulatory monitoring (MCT or external loop recorders) are unlikely to capture a diagnostic ECG B. For evaluation of members with suspected AF as a cause of cryptogenic stroke who have had a nondiagnostic Holter monitor. Note: Depending on clinical presentation, the member may have had a negative or non-diagnostic electrophysiological study (EPS); however, EPS is no longer considered a prerequisite to insertion of an implantable loop recorder.

IV. Long-term (> 48 hours) external ECG monitoring by continuous rhythm recording and storage (e.g., Zio Patch)
Medically necessary for the following indications: A. To evaluate syncope and lightheadedness in members with a non-diagnostic Holter monitor, or in members whose symptoms occur infrequently (i.e., < daily) such that the arrhythmia is unlikely to be diagnosed by Holter monitoring B. To document arrhythmia in members with a non-diagnostic Holter monitor, or in members whose symptoms occur infrequently (i.e., < daily) such that the arrhythmia is unlikely to be diagnosed by Holter monitoring

Limitations/Exclusions Requests for repeat studies within 1 year of a previous study will be case-by-case reviewed. Loop recorders (regardless of whether they are external or implantable) are not considered medically necessary for any indications other than those listed above.

The following are considered investigational and not medically necessary due to insufficient evidence of therapeutic value: A. AliveCor Heart Monitor (iPhoneECG) B. BIOTRONIK BioMonitor C. Mobile patient management systems (e.g., BodyGuardian Remote Monitoring System) D. Self-monitoring ECG technologies or the ViSi Mobile Monitoring System E. Acoustic waveform recording with automated analysis and generation of coronary artery disease risk score (CPT 0716T eff. 07/01/2022) Cardiac event detection, CPT codes 93268, 93270, 93271, 93272, is a 30-day packaged service. Tests may not be billed within 30 days of each other, even if the earlier of the tests was discontinued when arrhythmias were documented, and the patient is now reconnected for follow-up of therapy or intervention. Revision History Sept. 1, 2022 Added risk-score acoustic waveform recording as investigational Dec. 10, 2021 Removed indication to document ST segment depression for suspected ischemia Dec. 13, 2019 Removed “palpitations” as a symptom requiring evaluation within implantable section

Definitions Cardiac event monitors are small portable devices worn by a patient during normal activity for up to 30 days. The device has a recording system capable of storing several minutes of the individual's electrocardiogram (EKG) record. The patient can initiate EKG recording during a symptomatic period of arrhythmia. These monitors are particularly useful in obtaining a record of arrhythmia that would not be discovered on a routine EKG or an arrhythmia that is so infrequent that it is not detected during a 24-hour period by a Holter monitor. Two different types of cardiac event monitors are available. Pre-symptom (looping memory) event monitors are equipped with electrodes attached to the chest and can capture EKG rhythms before the cardiac event monitor is triggered (pre-symptom recording). Post-symptom event monitors do not have chest electrodes. One type of post-symptom event monitor is worn on the wrist. When symptoms occur, the patient presses a button to trigger an EKG recording. Another type of post-symptom event monitor is a device that the patient carries within easy reach. When symptoms occur, the patient presses the electrodes on the device against their chest and presses a button to trigger the EKG recording. Cardiac event monitors have been developed with automatic trigger capabilities, which are designed to automatically trigger an EKG recording when certain arrhythmias occur. Automated trigger cardiac event monitors are thought to be more sensitive, but less specific, than manually-triggered cardiac event monitors for significant cardiac arrhythmias.
Cardiac event monitors may come with 24-hour remote monitoring. Usually, EKG results are transmitted over standard phone lines at the end of each day to an attended monitoring center where a technician screens EKG results and notifies the patient’s physician of any significant abnormal results, based on predetermined notification criteria.
Newer cardiac event monitors allow EKG results to be transmitted via e-mail over the internet. Some cardiac event monitors allow the patient to transmit EKG over standard telephone lines to the attended monitoring center immediately after symptoms occur while other cardiac event monitors have been adapted to also allow immediate transmission of EKG results by cellular telephone.

Standard cardiac event monitors come with 5 to 10 mins of memory. Cardiac event monitors with expanded memory capabilities have been developed, extending memory from approximately 20 to 30 mins to as much as several hours. Mobile cardiovascular telemetry (MCT) refers to non-invasive ambulatory cardiac event monitors with extended memory capable of continuous measurement of heart rate and rhythm over several days, with transmission of results to a remote monitoring center. MCT is similar to standard cardiac telemetry used in the hospital setting. CardioNet (Philadelphia, PA) has developed an MCT device with extended memory, automatic ECG arrhythmia detector and alarm that is incorporated into a service that CardioNet has termed “Mobile Cardiac Outpatient Telemetry (MCOT).” The CardioNet device couples an automatic arrhythmia detector and cellular telephone transmission so that abnormal EKG waveforms can automatically be transmitted immediately to the remote monitoring center. The CardioNet device also has an extended memory characteristic of digital Holter monitors; the CardioNet device can store up to 96 hours of EKG waveforms. These ECG results are transmitted over standard telephone lines to the remote monitoring center at the end of each day. The physician receives both urgent and daily reports. Medical Coding I. Applicable Procedure Codes
External intermittent cardiac event monitors (i.e., external loop recorders) and external intermittent cardiac event monitors with real-time data transmission and analysis (e.g., eCardio eVolution) 93268 External patient and, when performed, auto activated electrocardiographic rhythm derived event recording with symptom-related memory loop with remote download capability up to 30 days, 24-hour attended monitoring; includes transmission, review and interpretation by a physician or other qualified health care professional 93270 External patient and, when performed, auto activated electrocardiographic rhythm derived event recording with symptom-related memory loop with remote download capability up to 30 days, 24-hour attended monitoring; recording (includes connection, recording, and disconnection) 93271 External patient and, when performed, auto activated electrocardiographic rhythm derived event recording with symptom-related memory loop with remote download capability up to 30 days, 24-hour attended monitoring; transmission and analysis 93272 External patient and, when performed, auto activated electrocardiographic rhythm derived event recording with symptom-related memory loop with remote download capability up to 30 days, 24-hour attended monitoring; review and interpretation by a physician or other qualified health care professional 93224 External electrocardiographic recording up to 48 hours by continuous rhythm recording and storage; includes recording, scanning analysis with report, review and interpretation by a physician or other qualified health care professional 93225 External electrocardiographic recording up to 48 hours by continuous rhythm recording and storage; recording (includes connection, recording, and disconnection) 93226 External electrocardiographic recording up to 48 hours by continuous rhythm recording and storage; scanning analysis with report 93227 External electrocardiographic recording up to 48 hours by continuous rhythm recording and storage; review and interpretation by a physician or other qualified health care professional

Applicable ICD-10 Diagnosis Codes

External intermittent cardiac event monitors (i.e., external loop recorders) and external intermittent cardiac event monitors with real-time data transmission and analysis (e.g., eCardio eVolution) I44.0 Atrioventricular block, first degree I44.1 Atrioventricular block, second degree I44.2 Atrioventricular block, complete I44.30 Unspecified atrioventricular block I44.39 Other atrioventricular block I44.4 Left anterior fascicular block I44.5 Left posterior fascicular block I44.60 Unspecified fascicular block I44.69 Other fascicular block
I44.7 Left bundle-branch block, unspecified
I45.0 Right fascicular block
I45.10 Unspecified right bundle-branch block
I45.19 Other right bundle-branch block
I45.2 Bifascicular block
I45.3 Trifascicular block
I45.4 Nonspecific intraventricular block
I45.5 Other specified heart block
I45.6 Pre-excitation syndrome
I45.81 Long QT syndrome
I45.89 Other specified conduction disorders
I45.9 Conduction disorder, unspecified
I47.0 Re-entry ventricular arrhythmia
I47.1 Supraventricular tachycardia
I47.2 Ventricular tachycardia
I47.9 Paroxysmal tachycardia, unspecified
I48.0 Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
I48.11 Longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation
I48.19 Other persistent atrial fibrillation
I48.20 Chronic atrial fibrillation, unspecified
I48.21 Permanent atrial fibrillation
I48.3 Typical atrial flutter
I48.4 Atypical atrial flutter
I48.91 Unspecified atrial fibrillation
I48.92 Unspecified atrial flutter
I49.01 Ventricular fibrillation
I49.02 Ventricular flutter
I49.1 Atrial premature depolarization
I49.2 Junctional premature depolarization
I49.3 Ventricular premature depolarization
I49.40 Unspecified premature depolarization
I49.49 Other premature depolarization

I49.5 Sick sinus syndrome
I49.8 Other specified cardiac arrhythmias
I49.9 Cardiac arrhythmia, unspecified
I63.00 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified precerebral artery
I63.011 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right vertebral artery
I63.012 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left vertebral artery
I63.013 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral vertebral arteries
I63.019 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified vertebral artery
I63.02 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of basilar artery
I63.031 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right carotid artery
I63.032 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left carotid artery
I63.033 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral carotid arteries
I63.039 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified carotid artery
I63.09 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of other precerebral artery
I63.10 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified precerebral artery
I63.111 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right vertebral artery
I63.112 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left vertebral artery
I63.113 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral vertebral arteries
I63.119 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified vertebral artery
I63.12 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of basilar artery
I63.131 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right carotid artery
I63.132 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left carotid artery
I63.133 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral carotid arteries
I63.139 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified carotid artery
I63.19 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of other precerebral artery
I63.20 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified precerebral arteries
I63.211 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right vertebral artery
I63.212 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left vertebral artery
I63.213 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral vertebral arteries
I63.219 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified vertebral arteries
I63.22 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of basilar artery
I63.231 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right carotid arteries
I63.232 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left carotid arteries
I63.233 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral carotid arteries
I63.239 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified carotid artery
I63.29 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of other precerebral arteries
I63.30 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified cerebral artery
I63.311 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right middle cerebral artery
I63.312 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left middle cerebral artery
I63.313 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral middle cerebral arteries
I63.319 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified middle cerebral artery
I63.321 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right anterior cerebral artery
I63.322 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left anterior cerebral artery
I63.323 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral anterior cerebral arteries

I63.329 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified anterior cerebral artery
I63.331 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right posterior cerebral artery
I63.332 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left posterior cerebral artery
I63.333 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral posterior cerebral arteries
I63.339 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified posterior cerebral artery
I63.341 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right cerebellar artery
I63.342 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left cerebellar artery
I63.343 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral cerebellar arteries
I63.349 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified cerebellar artery
I63.39 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of other cerebral artery
I63.40 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified cerebral artery
I63.411 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right middle cerebral artery
I63.412 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left middle cerebral artery
I63.413 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral middle cerebral arteries
I63.419 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified middle cerebral artery
I63.421 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right anterior cerebral artery
I63.422 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left anterior cerebral artery
I63.423 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral anterior cerebral arteries
I63.429 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified anterior cerebral artery
I63.431 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right posterior cerebral artery
I63.432 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left posterior cerebral artery
I63.433 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral posterior cerebral arteries I63.439 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified posterior cerebral artery
I63.441 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right cerebellar artery
I63.442 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left cerebellar artery
I63.443 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral cerebellar arteries
I63.449 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified cerebellar artery
I63.49 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of other cerebral artery
I63.50 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified cerebral artery
I63.511 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right middle cerebral artery
I63.512 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left middle cerebral artery
I63.513 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral middle cerebral arteries
I63.519 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified middle cerebral artery
I63.521 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right anterior cerebral artery
I63.522 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left anterior cerebral artery
I63.523 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral anterior cerebral arteries
I63.529 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified anterior cerebral artery
I63.531 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right posterior cerebral artery
I63.532 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left posterior cerebral artery
I63.533 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral posterior cerebral arteries
I63.539 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified posterior cerebral artery
I63.541 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right cerebellar artery
I63.542 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left cerebellar artery
I63.543 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral cerebellar arteries

I63.549 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified cerebellar artery
I63.59 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of other cerebral artery
I63.6 Cerebral infarction due to cerebral venous thrombosis, nonpyogenic
I63.81 Other cerebral infarction due to occlusion or stenosis of small artery
I63.89 Other cerebral infarction
I63.9 Cerebral infarction, unspecified
R00.2 Palpitations
R42 Dizziness and giddiness
R55 Syncope and collapse Z86.73 Personal history of transient ischemic attack (TIA), and cerebral infarction without residual deficits [Covered for evaluation of members with suspected atrial fibrillation as a cause of cryptogenic stroke who have a nondiagnostic Holter monitor]

II. Applicable Procedure Codes
Mobile cardiovascular telemetry (MCT) 93228 External mobile cardiovascular telemetry with electrocardiographic recording, concurrent computerized real time data analysis and greater than 24 hours of accessible ECG data storage (retrievable with query) with ECG triggered and patient selected events transmitted to a remote attended surveillance center for up to 30 days; review and interpretation with report by a physician or other qualified health care professional 93229 External mobile cardiovascular telemetry with electrocardiographic recording, concurrent computerized real time data analysis and greater than 24 hours of accessible ECG data storage (retrievable with query) with ECG triggered and patient selected events transmitted to a remote attended surveillance center for up to 30 days; technical support for connection and patient instructions for use, attended surveillance, analysis and transmission of daily and emergent data reports as prescribed by a physician or other qualified health care professional
G2066 Interrogation device evaluation(s), (remote) up to 30 days; implantable cardiovascular physiologic monitor system, implantable loop recorder system, or subcutaneous cardiac rhythm monitor system, remote data acquisition(s), receipt of transmissions and technician review, technical support and distribution of results

Applicable ICD-10 Diagnosis Codes

Mobile cardiovascular telemetry (MCT) I44.0 Atrioventricular block, first degree I44.1 Atrioventricular block, second degree I44.2 Atrioventricular block, complete I44.30 Unspecified atrioventricular block I44.39 Other atrioventricular block I44.4 Left anterior fascicular block I44.5 Left posterior fascicular block I44.60 Unspecified fascicular block I44.69 Other fascicular block
I44.7 Left bundle-branch block, unspecified
I45.0 Right fascicular block
I45.10 Unspecified right bundle-branch block
I45.19 Other right bundle-branch block
I45.2 Bifascicular block
I45.3 Trifascicular block
I45.4 Nonspecific intraventricular block
I45.5 Other specified heart block
I45.6 Pre-excitation syndrome
I45.81 Long QT syndrome
I45.89 Other specified conduction disorders
I45.9 Conduction disorder, unspecified
I47.0 Re-entry ventricular arrhythmia
I47.1 Supraventricular tachycardia
I47.2 Ventricular tachycardia
I47.9 Paroxysmal tachycardia, unspecified
I48.0 Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
I48.11 Longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation
I48.19 Other persistent atrial fibrillation
I48.20 Chronic atrial fibrillation, unspecified
I48.21 Permanent atrial fibrillation
I48.3 Typical atrial flutter
I48.4 Atypical atrial flutter
I48.91 Unspecified atrial fibrillation
I48.92 Unspecified atrial flutter
I49.01 Ventricular fibrillation
I49.02 Ventricular flutter
I49.1 Atrial premature depolarization
I49.2 Junctional premature depolarization
I49.3 Ventricular premature depolarization
I49.40 Unspecified premature depolarization
I49.49 Other premature depolarization
I49.5 Sick sinus syndrome

I49.8 Other specified cardiac arrhythmias
I49.9 Cardiac arrhythmia, unspecified
I63.00 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified precerebral artery
I63.011 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right vertebral artery
I63.012 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left vertebral artery
I63.013 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral vertebral arteries
I63.019 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified vertebral artery
I63.02 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of basilar artery
I63.031 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right carotid artery
I63.032 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left carotid artery
I63.033 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral carotid arteries
I63.039 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified carotid artery
I63.09 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of other precerebral artery
I63.10 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified precerebral artery
I63.111 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right vertebral artery
I63.112 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left vertebral artery
I63.113 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral vertebral arteries
I63.119 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified vertebral artery
I63.12 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of basilar artery
I63.131 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right carotid artery
I63.132 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left carotid artery
I63.133 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral carotid arteries
I63.139 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified carotid artery
I63.19 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of other precerebral artery
I63.20 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified precerebral arteries
I63.211 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right vertebral artery
I63.212 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left vertebral artery
I63.213 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral vertebral arteries
I63.219 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified vertebral artery
I63.22 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of basilar artery
I63.231 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right carotid arteries
I63.232 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left carotid arteries
I63.233 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral carotid arteries
I63.239 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified carotid artery
I63.29 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of other precerebral arteries
I63.30 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified cerebral artery
I63.311 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right middle cerebral artery
I63.312 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left middle cerebral artery
I63.313 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral middle cerebral arteries
I63.319 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified middle cerebral artery
I63.321 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right anterior cerebral artery
I63.322 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left anterior cerebral artery
I63.323 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral anterior cerebral arteries
I63.329 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified anterior cerebral artery

I63.331 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right posterior cerebral artery
I63.332 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left posterior cerebral artery
I63.333 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral posterior cerebral arteries
I63.339 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified posterior cerebral artery
I63.341 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right cerebellar artery
I63.342 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left cerebellar artery
I63.343 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral cerebellar arteries
I63.349 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified cerebellar artery
I63.39 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of other cerebral artery
I63.40 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified cerebral artery
I63.411 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right middle cerebral artery
I63.412 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left middle cerebral artery
I63.413 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral middle cerebral arteries
I63.419 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified middle cerebral artery
I63.421 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right anterior cerebral artery
I63.422 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left anterior cerebral artery
I63.423 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral anterior cerebral arteries
I63.429 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified anterior cerebral artery
I63.431 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right posterior cerebral artery
I63.432 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left posterior cerebral artery
I63.433 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral posterior cerebral arteries
I63.439 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified posterior cerebral artery
I63.441 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right cerebellar artery
I63.442 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left cerebellar artery
I63.443 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral cerebellar arteries
I63.449 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified cerebellar artery
I63.49 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of other cerebral artery
I63.50 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified cerebral artery
I63.511 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right middle cerebral artery
I63.512 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left middle cerebral artery
I63.513 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral middle cerebral arteries
I63.519 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified middle cerebral artery
I63.521 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right anterior cerebral artery
I63.522 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left anterior cerebral artery
I63.523 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral anterior cerebral arteries
I63.529 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified anterior cerebral artery
I63.531 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right posterior cerebral artery
I63.532 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left posterior cerebral artery
I63.533 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral posterior cerebral arteries
I63.539 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified posterior cerebral artery
I63.541 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right cerebellar artery
I63.542 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left cerebellar artery
I63.543 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral cerebellar arteries
I63.549 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified cerebellar artery

I63.59 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of other cerebral artery
I63.6 Cerebral infarction due to cerebral venous thrombosis, nonpyogenic
I63.81 Other cerebral infarction due to occlusion or stenosis of small artery
I63.89 Other cerebral infarction
I63.9 Cerebral infarction, unspecified
R00.0 Tachycardia, unspecified R00.1 Bradycardia, unspecified R00.2 Palpitations R42 Dizziness and giddiness [light-headedness] R55 Syncope and collapse [pre-syncope] Z86.73 Personal history of transient ischemic attack (TIA), and cerebral infarction without residual deficits [Covered for evaluation of members with suspected atrial fibrillation as a cause of cryptogenic stroke who have a nondiagnostic Holter monitor]

III. Applicable Procedure Codes
Implantable loop recorder (e.g., Reveal Insertable Loop Recorder [Medtronic]) 33285 Insertion, subcutaneous cardiac rhythm monitor, including programming
33286 Removal, subcutaneous cardiac rhythm monitor
93285 Programming device evaluation (in person) with iterative adjustment of the implantable device to test the function of the device and select optimal permanent programmed values with analysis, review and report by a physician or other qualified health care professional; implantable loop recorder system 93291 Interrogation device evaluation (in person) with analysis, review and report by a physician or other qualified health care professional, includes connection, recording and disconnection per patient encounter; implantable loop recorder system, including heart rhythm derived data analysis 93297 Interrogation device evaluation(s), (remote) up to 30 days; implantable cardiovascular physiologic monitor system, including analysis of 1 or more recorded physiologic cardiovascular data elements from all internal and external sensors, analysis, review(s) and report(s) by a physician or other qualified health care professional 93298 Interrogation device evaluation(s), (remote) up to 30 days; implantable loop recorder system, including analysis of recorded heart rhythm data, analysis, review(s) and report(s) by a physician or other qualified health care professional Applicable ICD-10 Diagnosis Codes Implantable loop recorder (e.g., Reveal Insertable Loop Recorder [Medtronic]) G40.89 Other seizures
G40.909 Epilepsy, unspecified, not intractable, without status epilepticus
G45.0 Vertebro-basilar artery syndrome
G45.1 Carotid artery syndrome (hemispheric)
G45.2 Multiple and bilateral precerebral artery syndromes
G45.3 Amaurosis fugax
G45.8 Other transient cerebral ischemic attacks and related syndromes
G45.9 Transient cerebral ischemic attack, unspecified
I25.2 Old myocardial infarction
I47.0 Re-entry ventricular arrhythmia
I47.1 Supraventricular tachycardia

I47.2 Ventricular tachycardia
I47.9 Paroxysmal tachycardia, unspecified
I48.0 Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
I48.11 Longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation
I48.19 Other persistent atrial fibrillation
I48.20 Chronic atrial fibrillation, unspecified
I48.21 Permanent atrial fibrillation
I48.3 Typical atrial flutter
I48.4 Atypical atrial flutter
I48.9 Unspecified atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
I48.91 Unspecified atrial fibrillation
I48.92 Unspecified atrial flutter
I49.01 Ventricular fibrillation
I49.02 Ventricular flutter
I49.1 Atrial premature depolarization
I49.2 Junctional premature depolarization
I49.3 Ventricular premature depolarization
I49.40 Unspecified premature depolarization
I49.49 Other premature depolarization
I49.5 Sick sinus syndrome
I49.8 Other specified cardiac arrhythmias
I49.9 Cardiac arrhythmia, unspecified
I50.1 Left ventricular failure
I50.20 Unspecified systolic (congestive) heart failure
I50.21 Acute systolic (congestive) heart failure
I50.22 Chronic systolic (congestive) heart failure
I50.23 Acute on chronic systolic (congestive) heart failure
I50.30 Unspecified diastolic (congestive) heart failure
I50.31 Acute diastolic (congestive) heart failure
I50.32 Chronic diastolic (congestive) heart failure
I50.33 Acute on chronic diastolic (congestive) heart failure
I50.40 Unspecified combined systolic (congestive) and diastolic (congestive) heart failure
I50.41 Acute combined systolic (congestive) and diastolic (congestive) heart failure
I50.42 Chronic combined systolic (congestive) and diastolic (congestive) heart failure
I50.43 Acute on chronic combined systolic (congestive) and diastolic (congestive) heart failure
I50.9 Heart failure, unspecified
I63.00 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified precerebral artery
I63.011 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right vertebral artery
I63.012 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left vertebral artery
I63.013 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral vertebral arteries
I63.019 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified vertebral artery
I63.02 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of basilar artery
I63.031 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right carotid artery
I63.032 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left carotid artery

I63.033 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral carotid arteries
I63.039 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified carotid artery
I63.09 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of other precerebral artery
I63.10 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified precerebral artery
I63.11 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of vertebral artery
I63.111 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right vertebral artery
I63.112 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left vertebral artery
I63.113 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral vertebral arteries
I63.119 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified vertebral artery
I63.12 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of basilar artery
I63.131 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right carotid artery
I63.132 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left carotid artery
I63.133 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral carotid arteries
I63.139 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified carotid artery
I63.19 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of other precerebral artery
I63.20 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified precerebral arteries
I63.211 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right vertebral artery
I63.212 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left vertebral artery I63.213 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral vertebral arteries
I63.219 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified vertebral artery
I63.22 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of basilar arteries
I63.231 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right carotid arteries
I63.232 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left carotid arteries
I63.233 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral carotid arteries
I63.239 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified carotid artery
I63.29 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of other precerebral arteries
I63.30 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified cerebral artery
I63.311 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right middle cerebral artery
I63.312 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left middle cerebral artery
I63.313 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral middle cerebral arteries
I63.319 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified middle cerebral artery
I63.321 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right anterior cerebral artery
I63.322 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left anterior cerebral artery
I63.323 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral anterior cerebral arteries
I63.329 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified anterior cerebral artery
I63.331 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right posterior cerebral artery
I63.332 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left posterior cerebral artery
I63.333 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral posterior cerebral arteries
I63.339 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified posterior cerebral artery
I63.341 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of right cerebellar artery
I63.342 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of left cerebellar artery
I63.343 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of bilateral cerebellar arteries
I63.349 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of unspecified cerebellar artery
I63.39 Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of other cerebral artery

I63.40 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified cerebral artery
I63.411 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right middle cerebral artery
I63.412 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left middle cerebral artery
I63.413 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral middle cerebral arteries
I63.419 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified middle cerebral artery
I63.421 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right anterior cerebral artery
I63.422 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left anterior cerebral artery
I63.423 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral anterior cerebral arteries I63.429 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified anterior cerebral artery
I63.431 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right posterior cerebral artery
I63.432 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left posterior cerebral artery
I63.433 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral posterior cerebral arteries
I63.439 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified posterior cerebral artery
I63.441 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of right cerebellar artery
I63.442 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of left cerebellar artery
I63.443 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of bilateral cerebellar arteries
I63.449 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of unspecified cerebellar artery
I63.49 Cerebral infarction due to embolism of other cerebral artery
I63.50 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified cerebral artery
I63.511 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right middle cerebral artery
I63.512 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left middle cerebral artery
I63.513 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral middle cerebral arteries
I63.519 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified middle cerebral artery
I63.521 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right anterior cerebral artery
I63.522 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left anterior cerebral artery
I63.523 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral anterior cerebral arteries
I63.529 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified anterior cerebral artery
I63.531 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right posterior cerebral artery
I63.532 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left posterior cerebral artery
I63.533 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral posterior cerebral arteries
I63.539 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified posterior cerebral artery
I63.541 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of right cerebellar artery
I63.542 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of left cerebellar artery
I63.543 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of bilateral cerebellar arteries
I63.549 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of unspecified cerebellar artery
I63.59 Cerebral infarction due to unspecified occlusion or stenosis of other cerebral artery
I63.6 Cerebral infarction due to cerebral venous thrombosis, nonpyogenic
I63.81 Other cerebral infarction due to occlusion or stenosis of small artery
I63.89 Other cerebral infarction
I63.9 Cerebral infarction, unspecified
I65.01 Occlusion and stenosis of right vertebral artery
I65.02 Occlusion and stenosis of left vertebral artery
I65.03 Occlusion and stenosis of bilateral vertebral arteries
I65.09 Occlusion and stenosis of unspecified vertebral artery

I65.1 Occlusion and stenosis of basilar artery
I65.21 Occlusion and stenosis of right carotid artery
I65.22 Occlusion and stenosis of left carotid artery
I65.23 Occlusion and stenosis of bilateral carotid arteries
I65.29 Occlusion and stenosis of unspecified carotid artery
I65.8 Occlusion and stenosis of other precerebral arteries
I65.9 Occlusion and stenosis of unspecified precerebral artery
I66.01 Occlusion and stenosis of right middle cerebral artery
I66.02 Occlusion and stenosis of left middle cerebral artery
I66.03 Occlusion and stenosis of bilateral middle cerebral arteries
I66.09 Occlusion and stenosis of unspecified middle cerebral artery
I66.11 Occlusion and stenosis of right anterior cerebral artery
I66.12 Occlusion and stenosis of left anterior cerebral artery
I66.13 Occlusion and stenosis of bilateral anterior cerebral arteries
I66.19 Occlusion and stenosis of unspecified anterior cerebral artery
I66.21 Occlusion and stenosis of right posterior cerebral artery
I66.22 Occlusion and stenosis of left posterior cerebral artery
I66.23 Occlusion and stenosis of bilateral posterior cerebral arteries
I66.29 Occlusion and stenosis of unspecified posterior cerebral artery
I66.3 Occlusion and stenosis of cerebellar arteries
I66.8 Occlusion and stenosis of other cerebral arteries
I66.9 Occlusion and stenosis of unspecified cerebral artery
R00.2 Palpitations R42 Dizziness and giddiness
R55 Syncope and collapse
R56.9 Unspecified convulsions
R94.31 Abnormal electrocardiogram [ECG] [EKG]
Z86.73 Personal history of transient ischemic attack (TIA), and cerebral infarction without residual deficits

IV. Applicable Procedure Codes
Long-term (> 48 hours) external ECG monitoring by continuous rhythm recording and storage (e.g., Zio Patch) 93241 External electrocardiographic recording for more than 48 hours up to 7 days by continuous rhythm recording and storage; includes recording, scanning analysis with report, review and interpretation 93242 External electrocardiographic recording for more than 48 hours up to 7 days by continuous rhythm recording and storage; recording (includes connection and initial recording)
93243 External electrocardiographic recording for more than 48 hours up to 7 days by continuous rhythm recording and storage; scanning analysis with report
93244 External electrocardiographic recording for more than 48 hours up to 7 days by continuous rhythm recording and storage; review and interpretation 93245 External electrocardiographic recording for more than 7 days up to 15 days by continuous rhythm recording and storage; includes recording, scanning analysis with report, review and interpretation

93246 External electrocardiographic recording for more than 7 days up to 15 days by continuous rhythm recording and storage; recording (includes connection and initial recording)
93247 External electrocardiographic recording for more than 7 days up to 15 days by continuous rhythm recording and storage; scanning analysis with report 93248 External electrocardiographic recording for more than 7 days up to 15 days by continuous rhythm recording and storage; review and interpretation

Applicable ICD-10 Diagnosis Codes Long-term (> 48 hours) external ECG monitoring by continuous rhythm recording and storage (e.g., Zio Patch) I44.0 Atrioventricular block, first degree I44.1 Atrioventricular block, second degree I44.2 Atrioventricular block, complete I44.30 Unspecified atrioventricular block I44.39 Other atrioventricular block I44.4 Left anterior fascicular block I44.5 Left posterior fascicular block I44.60 Unspecified fascicular block I44.69 Other fascicular block
I44.7 Left bundle-branch block, unspecified
I45.0 Right fascicular block
I45.10 Unspecified right bundle-branch block
I45.19 Other right bundle-branch block
I45.2 Bifascicular block
I45.3 Trifascicular block
I45.4 Nonspecific intraventricular block
I45.5 Other specified heart block
I45.6 Pre-excitation syndrome
I45.81 Long QT syndrome
I45.89 Other specified conduction disorders
I45.9 Conduction disorder, unspecified
I47.0 Re-entry ventricular arrhythmia
I47.1 Supraventricular tachycardia
I47.2 Ventricular tachycardia
I47.9 Paroxysmal tachycardia, unspecified
R00.2 Palpitations
R42 Dizziness and giddiness
R55 Syncope and collapse

References (APHRS) and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Endorsed by the governing bodies of the American College of Cardiology Foundation, the American Heart Association, the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society, the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm. 2012 Apr;9(4):632-696.e21.

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Appendix
Short-Term High-Risk Criteria Which Require Prompt Hospitalization or Intensive Evaluation Severe structural or coronary artery disease (heart failure, low LVEF, or previous MI) Clinical or ECG features suggesting arrhythmic syncope  Syncope during exertion or supine  Palpitations at the time of syncope  Family history of SCD  Non-sustained VT  Bifascicular-block (LBBB or RBBB combined with left anterior or left posterior fascicular block) or other intraventricular conduction abnormalities with QRS duration ≥120 ms  Inadequate sinus bradycardia (<50 bpm) or sinoartrial block in absence of negative chronotropic medications or physical training  Pre-excited QRS complex  Prolonged or short QT interval  RBBB pattern with ST-elevation in leads V1-V3 (Brugada pattern) Negative T waves in right precordial leads, epsilon waves, and ventricular late potentials suggestive of ARVC Important co-morbidities  Severe anemia  Electrolyte disturbance

Key: ARVC: arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; bpm: beats per minute; LBBB: left bundle branch block; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; RBBB: right bundle branch block; SCD: sudden cardiac death; VT: ventricular tachycardia. Source: Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Syncope; European Society of Cardiology (ESC); European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA); Heart Failure Association (HFA); Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Moya A, Sutton R, Ammirati F, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009). Eur Heart J. 2009;30(21):2631-2671.