S90.12 Contusion of lesser toe without damage to nail

Name of the Condition

• Contusion of lesser toe without damage to nail

Summary

A contusion of the lesser toe is a bruise resulting from blunt force trauma that damages underlying soft tissues without breaking the skin or affecting the nail. It typically causes localized pain, swelling, and discoloration in the affected toe.

Causes

Direct impact or trauma to the lesser toe, such as stubbing it against a hard object or dropping a heavy item on it. Sports injuries or accidents involving the foot may also lead to this condition.

Risk Factors

• Participation in activities with a high risk of toe trauma, such as running or contact sports.
• Wearing open-toed or poorly fitting footwear that exposes the toes to injury.
• Occupations involving physical labor or environments where foot injuries are more likely.

Symptoms

• Pain and tenderness around the affected toe.
• Localized swelling and discoloration (bruising) of the skin.
• Possible difficulty walking or applying pressure on the toe.

Diagnosis

Physical examination by a healthcare provider to assess tenderness, swelling, and discoloration. A review of the patient’s history to determine the mechanism of injury. Imaging (e.g., X-rays) may be used to rule out fractures or other injuries.

Treatment Options

• Resting the affected toe to avoid further injury.
• Applying ice to reduce pain and swelling.
• Elevating the foot to minimize swelling.
• Over-the-counter pain relievers for discomfort.
• Wearing protective footwear to prevent additional trauma.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Most contusions of the lesser toe heal within 1–2 weeks with proper care. Follow-up may be recommended if symptoms worsen or persist, or if there is concern for underlying injury.

Complications

• Prolonged pain or swelling if the injury is severe.
• Infection if the skin is broken (though uncommon in uncomplicated contusions).
• Chronic discomfort if the toe is not allowed to heal properly.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Wear closed-toe, well-fitting shoes during activities with a risk of toe injury.
• Use protective gear (e.g., toe guards) in sports or work environments.
• Avoid walking barefoot in areas with hard or uneven surfaces.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek medical attention if there is severe pain, inability to bear weight, signs of infection (e.g., redness, pus), or if the toe appears deformed, as these may indicate a fracture or other serious injury.

Tips for Medical Coders

Use code S90.12 for a contusion of a lesser toe without damage to the nail. Document the specific toe affected (e.g., second, third) and confirm no nail damage or skin breakage to support accurate coding.