S82.022 Displaced longitudinal fracture of left patella

Name of the Condition

• Displaced longitudinal fracture of left patella

Summary

A displaced longitudinal fracture of the left patella is a break in the kneecap that runs vertically and is not properly aligned. This type of fracture involves the bone fragments shifting out of their normal position, which can affect knee function and stability.

Causes

Direct trauma to the knee, such as a fall onto the kneecap, a forceful blow, or a sudden contraction of the quadriceps muscle. High-impact events like motor vehicle accidents or sports injuries are common triggers.

Risk Factors

• Participation in high-risk activities or contact sports.
• Osteoporosis or other conditions that weaken bone strength.
• Advanced age, which may reduce bone density.
• Previous knee injuries or surgeries.

Symptoms

• Severe pain and swelling in the knee.
• Visible deformity or misalignment of the kneecap.
• Inability to straighten or bend the knee fully.
• Bruising or tenderness around the fracture site.

Diagnosis

Physical examination to assess knee alignment and function. Imaging tests, such as X-rays or CT scans, to confirm the fracture and evaluate displacement. MRI may be used to assess soft tissue damage if needed.

Treatment Options

• Surgery: To realign and stabilize the fracture with hardware like screws or wires.
• Immobilization: Use of a brace or cast to limit movement during healing.
• Physical therapy: To restore strength and mobility after recovery.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Recovery depends on the severity of the fracture and treatment. Most patients regain full function with proper care, but follow-up imaging may be needed to monitor healing. Physical therapy is often recommended to restore knee strength and range of motion.

Complications

• Nonunion or malunion of the fracture.
• Post-traumatic arthritis.
• Chronic pain or stiffness.
• Infection (if surgery is performed).

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Wear protective gear during high-risk activities.
• Maintain bone health through diet and exercise.
• Avoid falls by using assistive devices if needed.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe knee pain, swelling, or inability to bear weight after an injury.

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the fracture's displacement and laterality (left patella) clearly. Include details on imaging findings, treatment, and any complications to support accurate coding. Ensure the fracture is differentiated from nondisplaced or transverse fractures.