S72.479 Torus fracture of lower end of unspecified femur

Name of the Condition

• Torus fracture of lower end of unspecified femur

Summary

This condition involves a torus (buckle) fracture at the distal (lower) end of the femur, the thigh bone, near the knee joint. Torus fractures are incomplete breaks that result in a buckling of the bone cortex, typically occurring in children due to the flexibility of their bones. The fracture may involve the metaphyseal region, which is the area between the growth plate and the shaft of the bone, and can affect the stability of the knee joint.

Causes

Direct force or axial loading to the femur, such as a fall onto the knee or a blow to the thigh. Common in children due to their developing bone structure, which is more pliable and prone to buckling rather than complete fracture.

Risk Factors

• Pediatric age group, particularly during periods of rapid growth.
• Participation in high-impact activities or sports.
• Prior history of bone injuries or developmental abnormalities.

Symptoms

• Localized pain and tenderness at the fracture site.
• Swelling or mild deformity around the knee.
• Limited range of motion in the knee joint.
• Possible difficulty bearing weight on the affected leg.

Diagnosis

Physical examination to assess pain, swelling, and limb alignment. Imaging studies, such as X-rays, to confirm the torus fracture pattern and rule out other injuries. CT scans may be used for detailed visualization if needed.

Treatment Options

• Immobilization with a cast or brace to stabilize the fracture.
• Pain management with analgesics.
• Physical therapy to restore mobility and strength after healing.
• Surgical intervention is rarely required for uncomplicated torus fractures.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Most torus fractures heal well with conservative treatment, and children typically recover fully without long-term complications. Follow-up appointments monitor healing progress and ensure proper alignment. Return to normal activities is usually gradual, guided by clinical improvement.

Complications

• Delayed union or nonunion (rare).
• Malalignment affecting knee function.
• Associated injuries to surrounding soft tissues or growth plates.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Use protective gear during high-impact activities.
• Ensure safe play environments to reduce fall risks.
• Maintain bone health through adequate nutrition (e.g., calcium, vitamin D).

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek immediate care for severe pain, inability to bear weight, visible deformity, or signs of nerve or vascular compromise (e.g., numbness, discoloration).

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the fracture location (lower femur) and specify if the side is known. For unspecified femur, use this code when the side is not documented. Ensure clinical correlation with imaging and physical exam findings to support the diagnosis.