S52.344 Nondisplaced spiral fracture of shaft of radius, right arm

Name of the Condition

Nondisplaced spiral fracture of shaft of radius, right arm
ICD-10 Code: S52.344

Summary

A nondisplaced spiral fracture of the shaft of the radius is a break in the long, outer bone of the forearm (radius) between the elbow and wrist, where the fracture line spirals around the bone but the bone fragments remain in their normal alignment. This type of fracture typically results from rotational forces and is often stable, with minimal impact on arm function if treated appropriately. The injury may be closed (skin intact) or open (skin broken), though nondisplaced fractures are commonly closed.

Causes

This fracture usually occurs due to indirect trauma, such as a fall onto an outstretched arm, twisting injuries to the wrist or forearm, or rotational forces during activities like sports or accidents. Low-impact events, including falls from standing height or sudden twists, are common triggers. The spiral pattern indicates a twisting mechanism rather than direct impact.

Risk Factors

• Participation in activities with a high risk of falls or rotational arm trauma (e.g., contact sports, gymnastics)
• Osteoporosis or weakened bone density
• Advanced age, which increases fracture susceptibility
• Previous forearm or wrist injuries
• Occupations or hobbies involving repetitive stress or heavy lifting

Symptoms

• Sudden, localized pain at the injury site
• Mild swelling or bruising of the forearm
• Possible tenderness to touch
• Limited range of motion in the wrist or forearm
• No visible deformity (due to nondisplacement)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically confirmed through clinical evaluation and imaging. A physical exam assesses pain, swelling, and range of motion. X-rays are the primary imaging tool to visualize the fracture pattern and confirm nondisplacement. In some cases, CT scans may be used to evaluate complex fracture details or associated injuries. Documentation should note the absence of displacement and the spiral nature of the fracture.

Treatment Options

Treatment focuses on immobilization and pain management. A cast or splint is often applied to stabilize the bone and allow healing. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen may be used for pain. Follow-up imaging may be performed to ensure the fracture remains nondisplaced during healing. Physical therapy is recommended after immobilization to restore strength and mobility.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Prognosis is generally favorable for nondisplaced fractures, with most patients regaining full function after proper treatment. Healing typically occurs within 6–8 weeks, depending on age and bone health. Follow-up appointments monitor healing progress and address any complications. Patients are advised to avoid heavy lifting or high-impact activities until cleared by a healthcare provider.

Complications

• Delayed union or nonunion (rare, more common in smokers or those with poor bone health)
• Malunion (if the fracture shifts during healing)
• Nerve or vascular injury (uncommon but possible with associated trauma)
• Chronic pain or stiffness (if rehabilitation is incomplete)

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Use protective gear during high-risk activities (e.g., wrist guards in sports)
• Maintain bone health through calcium and vitamin D intake
• Avoid falls by removing home hazards and using assistive devices if needed
• Practice proper lifting techniques to reduce rotational stress on the forearm

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek immediate care if pain worsens, swelling increases, or numbness/tingling develops in the hand or fingers. Return to a healthcare provider if the cast becomes loose, pain persists after immobilization, or there are signs of infection (e.g., redness, fever).

Tips for Medical Coders

Code S52.344 is specific to a nondisplaced spiral fracture of the radius shaft in the right arm. Documentation should clearly state "nondisplaced" and "spiral" to support this code. Ensure the right arm is specified, as left arm fractures use a different code. Avoid coding if displacement is present, as this would require a different code. Verify that the fracture is of the shaft (not proximal or distal) and that no additional injuries (e.g., ulna fracture) are present without separate coding.