S45.102D Unspecified injury of brachial artery, left side, subsequent encounter

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- **Unspecified Injury of Brachial Artery, Left Side, Subsequent Encounter**  
  - Also referred to as a brachial artery injury.

#### Summary
- This condition involves damage to the brachial artery, located in the upper arm, specifically concerning the left side. The term "subsequent encounter" indicates that treatment has been initiated during a previous encounter and the patient is continuing care.

#### Causes
- Common causes include traumatic injuries such as fractures, dislocations, or penetrating wounds. It can occur due to accidents involving sharp objects, falls, or motor vehicle collisions.

#### Risk Factors
- Risk factors include engaging in contact sports or high-risk activities, previous arm injuries, and conditions that weaken the blood vessels.

#### Symptoms
- Symptoms may include severe pain, swelling, decreased pulse at the wrist, coldness, or paleness of the hand, and decreased hand or arm function.

#### Diagnosis
- Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, imaging tests like Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, or MR angiography to assess blood flow and detect abnormalities in the artery.

#### Treatment Options
- Treatments may include surgical repair to restore blood flow, use of anticoagulants to prevent blood clots, and physical therapy to regain function and strength.

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
- The prognosis can be favorable with timely treatment, though it depends on the extent of the injury. Regular follow-up is essential to monitor healing and ensure proper blood circulation is maintained.

#### Complications
- Potential complications include permanent nerve or muscle damage, blood clots, reduced arm strength or functionality, and, in severe cases, the need for amputation.

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- Avoid high-risk activities or wear protective gear during sports. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with a focus on cardiovascular health can also help prevent injuries.

#### When to Seek Professional Help
- Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe pain, coldness, numbness, or a lack of pulse in the arm after an injury. These could indicate an arterial injury.

#### Additional Resources
- American Heart Association (heart.org) for cardiovascular health and information on blood vessel injuries.
- Vascular Cures (vascularcures.org) for patient support and additional resources.

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure the laterality (left side) is correctly noted.
- Remember the encounter type (subsequent) to differentiate from initial encounters for accurate coding.
- Avoid common errors such as omitting the encounter type or laterality which is critical for precise code assignment.

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