S45.0 Injury of axillary artery

Name of the Condition

• Injury of axillary artery

Summary

This condition involves damage to the axillary artery, a major blood vessel located in the armpit region. The injury may result from trauma and can affect blood flow to the upper limb.

Causes

Common causes include penetrating or blunt trauma, such as stab wounds, gunshot injuries, fractures, or dislocations of the shoulder or upper arm. Surgical procedures in the area may also lead to accidental injury.

Risk Factors

• Engaging in high-risk activities with potential for trauma, such as contact sports or motor vehicle accidents. Pre-existing vascular conditions or anatomical variations may increase susceptibility.

Symptoms

• Symptoms may include severe pain, swelling, bruising, or a visible wound in the armpit. Reduced or absent pulse in the arm, coldness, paleness, or weakness of the hand or arm may indicate compromised blood flow.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination to assess pulse, sensation, and movement. Imaging tests like Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, or MR angiography may be used to evaluate the artery and detect damage.

Treatment Options

• Treatment may include surgical repair to restore blood flow, use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications to prevent clots, and monitoring for complications. Physical therapy may aid in recovery of function.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Prognosis depends on the extent of the injury and timely treatment. Early intervention improves outcomes, while delayed care may lead to tissue damage or limb loss. Follow-up includes monitoring for complications and assessing functional recovery.

Complications

• Potential complications include arterial thrombosis, pseudoaneurysm formation, infection, or chronic pain. Nerve injury or limb ischemia may occur if blood flow is severely compromised.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Avoid high-risk activities without proper protection. Use safety measures during sports or work to minimize trauma. Prompt medical attention for arm or shoulder injuries reduces the risk of vascular damage.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Seek immediate care for severe pain, swelling, or visible bleeding in the armpit. If the arm becomes cold, pale, or weak, or if pulse is absent, urgent evaluation is necessary to prevent permanent damage.

Tips for Medical Coders

• Document the mechanism of injury (e.g., penetrating, blunt) and any associated fractures or dislocations. Specify laterality (right/left/bilateral) if applicable. Include details of diagnostic tests and treatment to support code assignment.