Q66.5 Congenital pes planus

Name of the Condition

• Congenital Pes Planus

Summary

Congenital pes planus is a condition present at birth where a child’s foot has an abnormally low or absent arch, causing the entire sole to make contact with the ground. It can affect one or both feet and is often asymptomatic in early childhood.

Causes

The exact cause is not fully understood but may involve genetic factors affecting foot development, such as variations in bone or ligament structure. Intrauterine positioning may also play a role.

Risk Factors

• Family history of flat feet.
• Genetic conditions impacting muscle or skeletal development.

Symptoms

• Visibly flattened arch when standing.
• Possible shoe-fitting difficulties.
• Typically no pain or discomfort in early childhood.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is made through physical examination to assess foot structure and alignment. Imaging, such as X-rays, may be used to evaluate bone positioning if needed.

Treatment Options

• Often no treatment is necessary if asymptomatic.
• Orthotic devices or specially designed footwear for support.
• Physical therapy to strengthen foot and ankle muscles in symptomatic cases.
• Surgery is rarely required unless significant functional issues arise.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Many children develop a normal arch as they grow. Regular follow-up may be needed for persistent symptoms or associated pain.

Complications

• Potential for discomfort or pain with activity.
• Increased risk of foot or ankle injuries.
• Difficulty with footwear in severe cases.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Encourage regular physical activity to support foot development.
• Choose supportive footwear for children with symptoms.
• Avoid prolonged standing or high-impact activities if discomfort occurs.

When to Seek Professional Help

Consult a healthcare provider if the child experiences pain, difficulty walking, or if the condition worsens over time.

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the affected foot (unspecified, right, or left) and any associated symptoms or treatments. Ensure clinical notes support the diagnosis and specify whether the condition is congenital.