Name of the Condition

• Hematometra

Summary

Hematometra is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of menstrual blood within the uterus. This occurs due to an obstruction preventing normal menstrual flow out of the body.

Causes

• Congenital anomalies such as a transverse vaginal septum or imperforate hymen
• Acquired conditions like cervical stenosis following surgery or radiation
• Endometrial or cervical tumors

Risk Factors

• Previous surgeries on the cervix or uterus
• Radiation therapy in the pelvic area
• Certain congenital reproductive tract abnormalities

Symptoms

• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods)
• Abdominal distension
• Possible urinary or bowel symptoms due to pressure

Diagnosis

• Pelvic ultrasound to visualize fluid accumulation in the uterus
• MRI for detailed imaging in complex cases
• Physical examination, including a pelvic exam

Treatment Options

• Surgical intervention, such as dilation and curettage (D&C) to evacuate the blood
• Creation of a passage for menstrual flow if a structural anomaly is present
• Treatment of underlying causes, such as addressing tumors or stenosis

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Once treated, the prognosis is generally good with relief of symptoms
• Regular follow-up is important to monitor for recurrence or complications related to underlying causes

Complications

• Infection due to retained blood
• Chronic pelvic pain
• Fertility issues if left untreated

Lifestyle & Prevention

• While congenital and some acquired causes can't be prevented, early detection and treatment of menstrual irregularities can prevent complications

When to Seek Professional Help

• Seek immediate medical attention if there is severe pelvic pain, especially if missed periods are also present.

Additional Resources

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) website
• National Institutes of Health (NIH) Women's Health website

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure accuracy by confirming that the condition involves uterine blood retention distinct from other causes of amenorrhea.
• Avoid confusion with conditions like hematocolpos, which involves blood accumulation in the vagina.