M21.40 Flat foot [pes planus] (acquired), unspecified foot

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- Common Name: Flat Foot
- Medical Term: Pes Planus, Acquired
- ICD Code: M21.40

#### Summary
Flat foot, also known as pes planus, is a condition where the arches of the feet flatten out over time, leading to the entire foot making contact with the ground. This condition can occur in one or both feet and is considered acquired when it develops after childhood.

#### Causes
- Injury or trauma to the foot or ankle
- Arthritis or inflammation of the posterior tibial tendon
- Long-term wearing of poorly fitted footwear
- Neuromuscular diseases

#### Risk Factors
- Age, with flat foot more common in adults and seniors
- Obesity, which increases pressure on arches
- Family history of flat foot or other foot conditions
- Occupational activities that involve prolonged standing or walking

#### Symptoms
- Pain in the foot, particularly in the heel or arch
- Swelling along the inside of the ankle
- Difficulty standing on tiptoe
- Feet that tire easily

#### Diagnosis
- Physical examination by healthcare provider
- Imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI to assess the structure of the foot
- Observation of foot posture and gait analysis

#### Treatment Options
- Orthotic devices like arch supports or custom-made insoles to provide support 
- Stretching exercises to improve flexibility and strength
- Pain relievers or anti-inflammatory medications for comfort
- Surgery in severe cases to correct bone or tendon structure

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
- Generally manageable with conservative treatments
- Regular follow-ups are essential to monitor foot health and prevent progression

#### Complications
- Chronic pain or discomfort
- Misalignment in other parts of the body such as knees or hips
- Increased risk of bunions or hammertoes

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce foot strain
- Choosing supportive footwear with adequate arch support
- Engaging in foot exercises to strengthen muscles

#### When to Seek Professional Help
- Unresolved pain and swelling despite home treatment
- Sudden onset of flat foot and pain
- Symptoms that interfere with daily activities

#### Additional Resources
- American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons ([aaos.org](https://www.aaos.org))
- The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ([aofas.org](https://www.aofas.org))

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure the condition is documented as acquired, not congenital
- Verify if the coding needs specification for unilateral or bilateral conditions
- Avoid confusion with similar conditions like plantar fasciitis when coding

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