Also referred to as microscopic colitis when categorized with lymphocytic colitis.
Summary
Collagenous colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that primarily causes chronic watery diarrhea and inflammation of the colon. It is considered a form of microscopic colitis due to its distinctive appearance under a microscope.
Causes
The exact cause of collagenous colitis is unknown. Potential contributing factors include autoimmune responses, genetic predisposition, infections, and reactions to certain medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Risk Factors
Factors that might increase the risk include:
Being female and middle-aged
Having a personal or family history of autoimmune diseases
Taking certain medications, such as NSAIDs and proton pump inhibitors
Symptoms
Common symptoms include:
Chronic, watery diarrhea
Abdominal pain or cramps
Weight loss
Dehydration and fatigue
Diagnosis
Diagnosing involves:
A colonoscopy with biopsy to examine colonic tissue
Histological examination revealing a thickened collagen band beneath the lining of the colon
Treatment Options
Treatment typically includes:
Medications such as budesonide, a corticosteroid that helps reduce inflammation
Anti-diarrheal agents to manage symptoms
Adjusting medications that may trigger symptoms
If medications are not effective, a gastroenterologist may suggest other therapeutic approaches.
Prognosis and Follow-Up
Prognosis is generally positive with appropriate treatment, though symptoms may recur.
Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential to manage flare-ups and adjust treatment plans as needed.
Complications
Potential complications if untreated include persistent diarrhea leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
Lifestyle & Prevention
Lifestyle modifications may involve:
Adopting a balanced, low-fat diet
Avoiding known food triggers and NSAIDs if they aggravate symptoms
Staying hydrated
When to Seek Professional Help
Seek medical attention if you experience:
Severe or persistent diarrhea
Signs of dehydration, such as intense thirst or dizziness