Name of the Condition

• Acute Stress Reaction
• Also known as Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) or Psychological Shock

Summary

Acute stress reaction is a temporary condition that occurs in response to a traumatic event. It is characterized by a variety of psychological and physical symptoms. The symptoms typically develop quickly after the event and resolve within days to weeks.

Causes

• Exposure to a traumatic event such as an accident, natural disaster, assault, or any event perceived as overwhelming or life-threatening.

Risk Factors

• Previous traumatic experiences
• Pre-existing mental health conditions
• Lack of social support
• Persistent stress factors in life
• Female gender has been associated with a higher incidence

Symptoms

• Emotional numbness or detachment
• Intrusive thoughts or flashbacks of the event
• Difficulty concentrating
• Hypervigilance or increased startle response
• Sleep disturbances
• Physical symptoms like palpitations, sweating, nausea, or dizziness

Diagnosis

• Clinical assessment based on patient history and symptom discussion
• Diagnostic criteria as outlined in the DSM-5 may be utilized
• Psychometric evaluations may be administered by a mental health professional

Treatment Options

• Psychotherapy, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), to help process the trauma
• Medication, such as short-term anxiolytics or antidepressants, for symptom relief
• Support groups and counseling can offer additional emotional support

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Generally good prognosis if treated; symptoms often diminish with time
• Follow-up with healthcare provider recommended to ensure recovery and prevent progression to PTSD

Complications

• Development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) if symptoms persist
• Anxiety disorders and depression if untreated
• Impact on daily functioning and interpersonal relationships

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Stress management techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, or regular exercise
• Building a strong support network of friends and family
• Preparing coping strategies for stressful situations

When to Seek Professional Help

• Symptoms persist beyond a few weeks
• Inability to function in daily life
• Experiencing thoughts of self-harm or harm to others
• Difficulty managing emotional or physical responses to stress

Additional Resources

• National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
• American Psychological Association (APA)
• Local mental health services and crisis hotlines

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure proper documentation of the traumatic event triggering the reaction.
• Differentiate from PTSD which is coded separately.
• Use ICD-10 code F43.0 for cases that meet the criteria for acute stress reaction.

Understanding these guidelines helps accurately document and treat patients experiencing acute stress reactions, ensuring they receive appropriate care and support.