Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with Hyperglycemia (E10.65)

Name of the Condition

• Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with Hyperglycemia
• Also referred to as Type 1 Diabetes or Juvenile Diabetes with elevated blood sugar levels.

Summary

Type 1 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia is a chronic condition characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin, resulting in high blood sugar (hyperglycemia). It typically appears in children and young adults and requires lifelong management.

Causes

• Autoimmune Reaction: The immune system mistakenly attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
• Genetic Factors: Family history can play a role in the likelihood of developing the condition.
• Environmental Triggers: Possible viral infections or other environmental factors.

Risk Factors

• Family History: A close relative with type 1 diabetes can increase risk.
• Genetic Markers: Specific genetic markers may increase susceptibility.
• Age: Commonly diagnosed in children, teenagers, and young adults.

Symptoms

• Increased thirst and urination
• Extreme hunger
• Unintended weight loss
• Fatigue and weakness
• Blurred vision
• Irritability or mood changes

Diagnosis

• Blood Tests: Measurement of blood glucose levels, fasting blood sugar, or hemoglobin A1C.
• Autoantibody Testing: Identifies markers indicating an autoimmune attack on insulin-producing cells.
• Urine Tests: Evaluates the presence of ketones and glucose.

Treatment Options

• Insulin Therapy: Regular insulin injections or an insulin pump to regulate blood sugar.
• Blood Sugar Monitoring: Frequent testing to ensure blood sugar is within target ranges.
• Diet and Exercise: A balanced diet and regular physical activity to manage blood glucose levels.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Long-term Management: Requires ongoing insulin, monitoring, and lifestyle adjustments.
• Regular Check-Ups: Essential for monitoring and adjusting treatment plans to prevent complications.

Complications

• Cardiovascular Issues: Increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
• Neuropathy: Nerve damage leading to pain or numbness.
• Retinopathy: Vision problems or blindness.
• Kidney Damage: Risk of kidney failure if unmanaged.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Healthy Eating: Focus on whole foods, low sugar intake, and carbohydrates that raise blood sugar slowly.
• Regular Exercise: Helps maintain good cardiovascular health and manage glucose levels.
• Routine Monitoring: Consistent tracking of blood glucose levels to prevent spikes or drops.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Severe Hyperglycemia: Persistent high blood sugar despite managing insulin.
• Symptoms of Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Fruity-smelling breath, nausea, vomiting, and confusion require immediate attention.

Additional Resources

• American Diabetes Association: Diabetes.org
• Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF): JDRF.org

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure accuracy by confirming both Type 1 diabetes and the presence of hyperglycemia.
• Watch for documentation specifying the complication of hyperglycemia; code E10.65 applies when this is clear.
• Be cautious not to confuse with Type 2 diabetes or other codes relating to different complications.