A68.0 Louse-borne relapsing fever

Name of the Condition

• Louse-borne relapsing fever

Summary

Louse-borne relapsing fever is a bacterial infection characterized by recurring episodes of fever, headache, and muscle/joint pain. It is caused by Borrelia recurrentis and transmitted through the bite of infected body lice.

Causes

The condition results from infection with Borrelia recurrentis bacteria. Transmission occurs exclusively through the bite of infected body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis).

Risk Factors

• Poor sanitation and crowded living conditions (increases lice exposure).
• Displacement or migration to areas with high lice infestation rates.
• Lack of access to clean clothing or hygiene facilities.

Symptoms

• Repeated episodes of high fever (relapses)
• Chills and sweating
• Severe headache and muscle aches
• Nausea or vomiting
• Fatigue
• Possible rash or jaundice in severe cases

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves blood tests to identify Borrelia spirochetes, PCR/molecular tests for bacterial DNA, and physical exams assessing symptoms and exposure history. Clinical suspicion is key given the relapsing nature.

Treatment Options

• Antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline, tetracycline) are standard.
• Antipyretics manage fever/aches.
• Hydration and rest support recovery.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With timely antibiotics, prognosis is favorable. Follow-up may be needed to monitor for recurrence or complications, especially in severe cases.

Complications

• Severe cases can lead to organ damage (e.g., liver, heart).
• Neurological issues (e.g., meningitis) may occur in rare instances.
• Untreated cases may progress to sepsis.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Improve sanitation and reduce overcrowding to limit lice spread.
• Regularly change and launder clothing.
• Avoid contact with individuals or environments with known lice infestations.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek care if experiencing recurring fever with headache, muscle aches, or after potential lice exposure. Prompt treatment reduces complications.

Tips for Medical Coders

Use A68.0 for louse-borne relapsing fever. Document the mode of transmission (lice) and confirm the specific Borrelia species if available. Ensure clinical correlation with symptoms and exposure history.