A23.3 Brucellosis due to Brucella canis

Name of the Condition

• Brucellosis due to Brucella canis

Summary

Brucellosis due to Brucella canis is a bacterial infection caused by the Brucella canis species, which primarily affects the musculoskeletal system, liver, and spleen. The condition is characterized by fever, fatigue, and joint pain, and it is commonly transmitted through contact with infected animals or consumption of contaminated animal products.

Causes

Brucellosis due to Brucella canis is caused by the Brucella canis bacterium, which is primarily transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals (e.g., dogs) or consumption of unpasteurized dairy products from these animals. The bacteria can enter the body through broken skin, mucous membranes, or ingestion.

Risk Factors

• Occupational exposure to animals or animal products (e.g., veterinarians, animal handlers).
• Consumption of unpasteurized milk or cheese from infected animals.
• Travel to regions where Brucella canis is endemic.
• Handling of infected animal tissues or fluids without proper protection.

Symptoms

• Intermittent or undulating fever.
• Profuse sweating, especially at night.
• Fatigue and weakness.
• Joint and muscle pain (arthralgia/myalgia).
• Headache.
• Loss of appetite and weight.
• Hepatomegaly or splenomegaly in some cases.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, exposure history, and laboratory testing. Blood or bone marrow cultures may identify Brucella canis, while serologic tests (e.g., agglutination tests) can detect antibodies. Imaging studies may be used to assess organ involvement.

Treatment Options

Treatment typically involves a course of antibiotics, such as doxycycline combined with rifampin or gentamicin. The duration of therapy depends on the severity of the infection and may range from several weeks to months. Supportive care, including rest and pain management, may also be recommended.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With appropriate treatment, most patients recover fully, though some may experience prolonged fatigue or joint pain. Follow-up testing may be necessary to confirm eradication of the bacteria. Chronic infection is rare but can occur in untreated or inadequately treated cases.

Complications

Complications may include endocarditis, osteomyelitis, or neurological involvement. In severe cases, the infection can lead to organ damage or failure. Pregnant individuals may experience miscarriage or stillbirth.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Avoid contact with infected animals or their products.
• Consume only pasteurized dairy products.
• Use protective equipment when handling animals or animal tissues.
• Practice good hygiene, including handwashing after animal contact.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek medical attention if you experience persistent fever, unexplained fatigue, or joint pain after potential exposure to infected animals. Early diagnosis and treatment improve outcomes.

Tips for Medical Coders

When coding for Brucellosis due to Brucella canis, use code A23.3. Ensure documentation supports the specific causative organism and clinical findings. Note that this code is distinct from other Brucella species and should not be confused with broader brucellosis codes.