Babesiosis due to Babesia microti (B60.01)

Name of the Condition

• Babesiosis due to Babesia microti

Summary

Babesiosis is an infectious disease caused by the Babesia microti parasite, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Ixodes scapularis ticks, commonly known as black-legged ticks or deer ticks. It primarily affects red blood cells.

Causes

The condition is caused by an infection with the Babesia microti parasite. Transmission occurs primarily through tick bites, but it can also be acquired through blood transfusions or from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy.

Risk Factors

• Residence in or travel to areas where Ixodes scapularis ticks are prevalent, such as the northeastern and upper midwestern United States.
• Outdoor activities in tick-infested areas.
• Having a weakened immune system, spleen removal, or other underlying health conditions that compromise immune function.

Symptoms

• Fever and chills
• Fatigue and malaise
• Muscle and joint aches
• Headache
• Hemolytic anemia (destruction of red blood cells)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is confirmed through:

• Blood smear microscopy to identify Babesia parasites in red blood cells.
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to detect Babesia DNA.
• Serologic tests to detect Babesia antibodies.

Treatment Options

• Atovaquone plus azithromycin: First-line treatment to target and eradicate the parasite.
• Clindamycin plus quinine: Alternative treatment for more severe cases or for patients who cannot take atovaquone.
• Exchange transfusion: Considered in severe cases with high levels of parasitemia or complications like renal failure.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Prognosis is generally good with appropriate treatment, but recovery may be prolonged, especially in patients with compromised immune systems.
• Regular follow-up is essential to monitor response to treatment and manage any persistent symptoms or complications.

Complications

• Severe hemolytic anemia
• Organ failure due to lack of adequate blood supply
• Increased risk of severe disease in immunocompromised individuals or those without a spleen

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Use insect repellent when in tick-infested areas.
• Wear long sleeves and pants, and tuck pants into socks during outdoor activities.
• Regularly check for ticks and remove them promptly.
• Avoid areas with high tick populations, especially during peak seasons.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Sudden onset of high fever, chills, and fatigue, especially after a tick bite or being in a tick-infested area.
• Worsening symptoms or signs of severe infection, such as confusion or difficulty breathing.

Additional Resources

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Babesiosis Information
• American Lyme Disease Foundation (ALDF)
• Local health departments for regional information on tick-borne diseases

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure accurate documentation of Babesia species (Babesia microti) as different species lead to different codes.
• Cross-reference with tick bite exposure history for comprehensive coding.
• Be mindful to differentiate from symptoms related to coinfections such as Lyme disease, which may complicate coding accuracy.