Name of the Procedure:

Electroencephalogram (EEG) Continuous Recording with Video

Summary

An Electroencephalogram (EEG) continuous recording with video is a non-invasive test that monitors electrical activity in the brain over an extended period. The test is performed by attaching electrodes to the scalp and recording brain waves along with synchronized video footage of the patient.

Purpose

This procedure is used to diagnose and monitor conditions affecting brain activity, such as epilepsy and sleep disorders. It can help determine the type, frequency, and origin of seizures, as well as identify other abnormalities in brain function.

Indications

• Seizures or epilepsy
• Unexplained episodes of confusion
• Sleep disorders
• Unusual changes in behavior
• Unexplained coma
• Brain tumor or injury

Preparation

• Hair must be clean and free of hair products.
• Medications should be taken as usual unless otherwise instructed.
• Avoid caffeine and sugary foods prior to the procedure.
• Sleep deprivation may be required in some cases.
• Bring a list of current medications and medical history.

Procedure Description

1. Setup:

   • Patient follows pre-procedure guidelines.
   • EEG technologist prepares the equipment and cleans the patient’s scalp.
   • A minimum of 8 electrodes are placed on the scalp using conductive paste.
   • Additional leads may be attached to monitor heart rate, eye movements, or muscle activity.
   • Video camera is positioned to capture patient’s movements and behavior.

2. Continuous Recording:

   • The EEG machine records brain activity while simultaneous video footage is captured.
   • The patient may be asked to perform specific tasks or lie down and relax.
   • Recording typically includes periods of sleep and wakefulness.
   • Any symptoms or unusual behavior are noted and time-stamped.

3. Takedown:

   • After sufficient data is collected, electrodes and leads are carefully removed.
   • The scalp is cleaned to remove any residual conductive paste.
   • The patient is provided with post-procedure instructions.

Duration

The duration can vary but typically lasts several hours to a full day or more, depending on the specific requirements.

Setting

The procedure is usually conducted in an outpatient clinic, hospital, or specialized EEG lab.

Personnel

• EEG Technologist
• Neurologist (may review and interpret the results)

Risks and Complications

• Skin irritation from the adhesive or conductive paste.
• Discomfort during electrode placement.
• Rare risk of seizure if triggered during the procedure.

Benefits

• Accurate diagnosis of epilepsy and other brain disorders.
• Identification of seizure types and triggers.
• Tailored treatment plans based on detailed activity records.
• Non-invasive and relatively safe.

Recovery

• No downtime required; the patient can resume normal activities immediately.
• Follow-up appointment might be needed to discuss results.
• Possible minor skin irritation where electrodes were placed.

Alternatives

• Regular EEG: Shorter duration, lacks extended monitoring and video.
• MRI or CT Scan: Used for structural imaging of the brain, not functional activity.
• Ambulatory EEG: Similar monitoring over an extended period, but done at home.

Patient Experience

During the procedure, the patient will mostly feel relaxed but may experience mild discomfort from the electrode placement. The room will be equipped for comfort and safety. Pain management is not typically necessary, and the technologist will ensure the patient's comfort throughout the process.