Pulmonary compliance study (eg, plethysmography, volume and pressure measurements)
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Pulmonary Compliance Study
Also known as: Pulmonary Function Test, Plethysmography, Lung Volume and Pressure Measurements
Summary
A pulmonary compliance study is a test that measures how well your lungs can expand and contract. It assesses the volume of air your lungs can hold and the pressure needed to inflate your lungs. This study typically includes plethysmography and other volume and pressure measurements to provide a comprehensive assessment of lung function.
Purpose
The study is conducted to evaluate lung function and diagnose conditions that may affect breathing. It helps in identifying restrictive or obstructive lung diseases, tracking the progress of lung diseases, and assessing the effectiveness of treatment. Goals include determining lung volumes, airway resistance, and lung compliance.
Indications
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Asthma
- Interstitial lung disease
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Pre-operative assessment for lung surgery
- Unexplained shortness of breath
- Monitoring chronic lung conditions
Preparation
- Avoid eating heavy meals before the test.
- Refrain from smoking or vigorous exercise for at least 6 hours before the procedure.
- Follow specific instructions regarding the use of inhalers or other respiratory medications.
- Complete any required diagnostic tests, such as chest X-rays or blood tests.
Procedure Description
- The patient will sit in an airtight booth known as a plethysmograph.
- A mouthpiece and nose clip will be used to ensure that all breathing occurs through the mouth.
- The patient will perform a series of breathing maneuvers on command, such as taking deep breaths, holding breath, and rapid breathing.
- The plethysmograph measures changes in pressure and volume to calculate lung volumes and airflow resistance.
- The entire process is supervised by a respiratory therapist or technician.
Duration
The procedure typically takes about 30 to 60 minutes.
Setting
The test is usually performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or specialized pulmonary function lab.
Personnel
- Respiratory therapist
- Pulmonologist or trained technician
Risks and Complications
While generally safe, some risks and complications may include:
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Shortness of breath during the test
- Coughing
- Rarely, a temporary increase in wheezing or chest discomfort
Benefits
- Accurate diagnosis of lung conditions
- Ability to monitor disease progression
- Tailored treatment plans
- Improved management of chronic lung diseases Results are typically available soon after the test and can guide further medical care.
Recovery
- No significant recovery time is required.
- Most patients can resume normal activities immediately.
- Follow any specific post-test instructions provided by the healthcare provider.
Alternatives
- Spirometry: Measures airflow and can detect obstructive lung diseases but does not measure lung volumes.
- Arterial blood gas analysis: Assesses oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in blood but does not provide details about lung volumes.
- Imaging tests like CT scans for further anatomical details, though they do not measure lung compliance directly.
Patient Experience
During the procedure, the patient may feel some discomfort due to the tight space of the plethysmograph and the effort required for various breathing maneuvers. Some may experience shortness of breath or dizziness. Pain management is generally not necessary, but comfort measures include calm instruction and reassurance from healthcare personnel.