Name of the Condition

• Abnormal results of pulmonary function studies
• Technical term: R94.2

Summary

Abnormal results of pulmonary function studies indicate that there is a deviation from normal respiratory function as determined by specialized tests. These tests assess how well the lungs are working to inhale and exhale air and how efficiently they can transfer oxygen into the blood.

Causes

• Chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma or COPD.
• Acute conditions like pneumonia or bronchitis.
• Environmental factors, including exposure to pollutants or allergens.
• Smoking or history of smoking.

Risk Factors

• Smoking history or current smoking habit.
• Occupational exposure to dust, chemicals, or fumes.
• Family history of respiratory conditions.
• Preexisting respiratory or cardiovascular diseases.
• Age-related decline in lung function.

Symptoms

• Shortness of breath.
• Chronic cough.
• Wheezing.
• Fatigue with exertion.
• Reduced exercise tolerance.

Diagnosis

• Spirometry: Measures the amount and speed of air a person can exhale.
• Peak flow measurement: Assesses the maximum speed of expiration.
• Body plethysmography: Evaluates lung volumes and airway resistance.

• Gas diffusion tests: Check how well oxygen enters the blood from the lungs.

  Treatment Options

• Medications: Bronchodilators and corticosteroids to open airways or reduce inflammation.
• Pulmonary rehabilitation exercises: Improve lung capacity and function.
• Lifestyle changes: Smoking cessation and avoiding environmental irritants.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• The prognosis depends on the underlying cause of the abnormal results.
• Regular monitoring and pulmonary function tests to track respiratory health.
• Regular check-ups for adjusting treatment plans as necessary.

Complications

• Progression to more severe respiratory conditions if untreated.
• Decreased quality of life due to chronic respiratory symptoms.
• Development of secondary conditions such as pulmonary hypertension.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke.
• Wear protective equipment in environments with dust or chemicals.
• Regular exercise to maintain lung health.
• Vaccinations to prevent respiratory infections like flu or pneumococcal pneumonia.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Persistent or worsening shortness of breath.
• Chronic or severe cough.
• Unexplained fatigue with normal activities.
• Cyanosis (bluish tint to lips or fingers).

Additional Resources

• American Lung Association (ALA)
• Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)
• COPD Foundation
• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure that the abnormal results are linked to specific pulmonary function tests performed.
• Cross-reference other ICD codes that might relate to underlying respiratory diseases.
• Be precise in documenting the specific abnormalities and tests conducted to avoid coding errors.