Name of the Procedure:

Spirometry. Also known as Pulmonary Function Test (PFT).

Summary

Spirometry is a simple and non-invasive procedure that measures how well your lungs are working. It involves taking a deep breath in and blowing out as hard and fast as possible into a mouthpiece connected to a machine called a spirometer. The test records the amount and speed of air you breathe out.

Purpose

Spirometry is used to diagnose, assess, and monitor lung conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other disorders affecting breathing. The primary goal is to determine how well your lungs are functioning.

Indications

• Chronic cough
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Smoking history
• Family history of lung disease
• Preoperative evaluation for lung function
• Monitoring progression or response to treatment for chronic lung conditions

Preparation

• Do not eat a heavy meal before the test.
• Avoid smoking at least 1 hour before the test.
• Refrain from consuming alcohol for at least 4 hours before the test.
• Wear loose, comfortable clothing.
• Avoid vigorous exercise at least 30 minutes before the test.
• Follow instructions regarding the use of medications provided by your healthcare provider.

Procedure Description

1. You will sit upright and a soft nose clip will be placed over your nose to ensure you breathe only through your mouth.
2. A technician will guide you on how to tightly seal your lips around the mouthpiece connected to the spirometer.
3. You will take a deep breath in, fill your lungs completely, and then exhale as forcefully and quickly as possible into the mouthpiece.
4. The spirometer records the amount (volume) and speed (flow rate) of air exhaled.
5. You may need to perform the test multiple times to ensure consistency and accuracy in the results.
6. Optionally, maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) might be measured, which requires rapid and deep breathing for 12-15 seconds.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 15 to 30 minutes.

Setting

Spirometry is usually performed in a pulmonary function lab, outpatient clinic, or primary care setting.

Personnel

• Respiratory therapists
• Trained technicians
• Pulmonologists or other healthcare providers specializing in lung function

Risks and Complications

• Lightheadedness or dizziness
• Shortness of breath
• Coughing
• Rarely, an exacerbation of symptoms in individuals with severe respiratory conditions

Benefits

• Accurate assessment of lung function
• Early detection of respiratory conditions
• Monitoring and managing chronic lung diseases
• Evaluating treatment efficacy
• Assisting in the diagnosis of restrictive and obstructive lung diseases

Recovery

• Most patients can resume normal activities immediately after the procedure.
• Follow any specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider.
• Schedule follow-up appointments as recommended to discuss results and plan further treatment if necessary.

Alternatives

• Peak flow meter: a simpler, less detailed test for asthma monitoring.
• Body plethysmography: a more comprehensive lung function test.
• Chest X-ray or CT scan: imaging tests to view lung structure.

Pros and Cons:

• Peak flow meter is easier and quicker but less detailed.
• Body plethysmography provides more detail but requires special equipment and more time.
• Imaging tests help visualize lung abnormalities but do not measure lung function directly.

Patient Experience

During the procedure, you might feel slightly lightheaded or experience brief shortness of breath, but it is generally well tolerated. If any discomfort arises, inform the technician immediately. Following the test, you can continue with your day without significant restrictions.