Infectious agent antigen detection by immunoassay technique, (eg, enzyme immunoassay [EIA], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], immunochemiluminometric assay [IMCA]) qualitative or semiquantitative, multiple-step method; Influenza, A or B, each
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Infectious agent antigen detection by immunoassay technique, such as enzyme immunoassay (EIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or immunochemiluminometric assay (IMCA) for Influenza A or B, qualitative or semiquantitative, multiple-step method.
Summary
This medical test detects the presence of antigens from Influenza viruses (either type A or B) using advanced immunoassay techniques. It involves multiple steps to ensure accurate identification, helping diagnose if someone is infected with the flu.
Purpose
This procedure identifies infections caused by Influenza A or B. The goal is to diagnose flu infections accurately so that appropriate treatment can be administered and to prevent the spread of the virus.
Indications
- Symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches that suggest a flu infection.
- High-risk patients, like the elderly or those with weakened immune systems, showing flu symptoms.
- Unexplained respiratory illness during flu season.
Preparation
- Generally, no special preparation is needed.
- Patients may be asked about their symptoms and medical history.
- Occasionally, instructions may be given on avoiding certain medications before the test.
Procedure Description
- A sample, often a nasal or throat swab, is collected from the patient.
- The sample is processed in a lab where specific antibodies react with Influenza antigens.
- Using techniques like EIA, ELISA, or IMCA, the presence of Influenza antigens is detected.
- The reaction might involve color change or light emission, which is then measured and interpreted.
Duration
The sample collection takes a few minutes. Lab results are usually available within a few hours to a couple of days, depending on the facility.
Setting
Usually performed in clinics, hospitals, or specialized diagnostic labs.
Personnel
- Nurse or healthcare provider for sample collection.
- Laboratory technicians or clinical pathologists for processing and analysis.
Risks and Complications
- Minimal risks, primarily slight discomfort during sample collection.
Rarely, there may be minor bleeding or irritation at the swab site.
Benefits
- Rapid and accurate diagnosis of Influenza A or B.
- Facilitates timely initiation of antiviral therapy, improving recovery and minimizing complications.
Recovery
- No specific recovery needed from the test itself.
- Follow doctor's advice on managing flu symptoms or any prescribed medication.
Alternatives
- Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests (RIDTs) which provide quicker results but are less accurate.
- Viral culture, which is very accurate but takes longer to yield results.
- Molecular assays (such as PCR) which are highly sensitive and specific but more expensive.
Patient Experience
- Momentary discomfort during swab collection.
- No significant pain or side effects.
- Results typically communicated within a short period, guiding further treatment.