Name of the Procedure:

Infectious agent antigen detection by immunoassay technique, such as enzyme immunoassay (EIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or immunochemiluminometric assay (IMCA) for Influenza A or B, qualitative or semiquantitative, multiple-step method.

Summary

This medical test detects the presence of antigens from Influenza viruses (either type A or B) using advanced immunoassay techniques. It involves multiple steps to ensure accurate identification, helping diagnose if someone is infected with the flu.

Purpose

This procedure identifies infections caused by Influenza A or B. The goal is to diagnose flu infections accurately so that appropriate treatment can be administered and to prevent the spread of the virus.

Indications

• Symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches that suggest a flu infection.
• High-risk patients, like the elderly or those with weakened immune systems, showing flu symptoms.
• Unexplained respiratory illness during flu season.

Preparation

• Generally, no special preparation is needed.
• Patients may be asked about their symptoms and medical history.
• Occasionally, instructions may be given on avoiding certain medications before the test.

Procedure Description

1. A sample, often a nasal or throat swab, is collected from the patient.
2. The sample is processed in a lab where specific antibodies react with Influenza antigens.
3. Using techniques like EIA, ELISA, or IMCA, the presence of Influenza antigens is detected.
4. The reaction might involve color change or light emission, which is then measured and interpreted.

Duration

The sample collection takes a few minutes. Lab results are usually available within a few hours to a couple of days, depending on the facility.

Setting

Usually performed in clinics, hospitals, or specialized diagnostic labs.

Personnel

• Nurse or healthcare provider for sample collection.
• Laboratory technicians or clinical pathologists for processing and analysis.

Risks and Complications

• Minimal risks, primarily slight discomfort during sample collection.

• Rarely, there may be minor bleeding or irritation at the swab site.

  Benefits

• Rapid and accurate diagnosis of Influenza A or B.
• Facilitates timely initiation of antiviral therapy, improving recovery and minimizing complications.

Recovery

• No specific recovery needed from the test itself.
• Follow doctor's advice on managing flu symptoms or any prescribed medication.

Alternatives

• Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests (RIDTs) which provide quicker results but are less accurate.
• Viral culture, which is very accurate but takes longer to yield results.
• Molecular assays (such as PCR) which are highly sensitive and specific but more expensive.

Patient Experience

• Momentary discomfort during swab collection.
• No significant pain or side effects.
• Results typically communicated within a short period, guiding further treatment.