Name of the Procedure:

Antibody; HIV-2
Common name(s): HIV-2 Antibody Test, HIV-2 Screening

Summary

The HIV-2 Antibody Test screens for the presence of antibodies specific to HIV-2, a less common form of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This blood test helps determine if a person is infected with HIV-2.

Purpose

This test is used to diagnose HIV-2 infection, which can cause immune system deterioration leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Detecting HIV-2 antibodies early can help manage and treat the condition effectively.

Indications

• Unprotected sexual contact with an individual from an area where HIV-2 is prevalent.
• A health condition resembling symptoms of HIV such as prolonged fever, lymphadenopathy, and weight loss.
• High-risk behaviors such as intravenous drug use.
• A previous inconclusive or positive HIV-1 test where discrimination between HIV-1 and HIV-2 is necessary.

Preparation

• No specific fasting required.
• Inform the healthcare provider about any medications being taken.
• Routine pre-test counseling about HIV.

Procedure Description

1. A healthcare professional will draw a blood sample, typically from a vein in the arm.
2. The sample will then be sent to a laboratory where an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or a similar method is used to detect the presence of HIV-2 antibodies.
3. In case of a positive result, a confirmatory test such as a Western blot is performed to ensure accuracy.

Duration

The blood draw itself takes about 5-10 minutes. The results are usually available within a few days to a week.

Setting

The procedure is performed in an outpatient clinic, hospital laboratory, or specialized testing center.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse to draw the blood sample.
• Laboratory technicians to process and analyze the sample.
• Physician or healthcare provider to interpret the results.

Risks and Complications

• Minor discomfort or bruising at the site of blood draw.
• Rare risk of infection at the puncture site.
• Psychological distress related to waiting for or receiving test results.

Benefits

• Early detection of HIV-2 infection.
• Improved management and treatment options.
• Reducing the risk of transmission to others.

Recovery

• No significant recovery time needed.
• Patients can resume normal activities immediately after the blood draw.
• Follow-up with the healthcare provider is recommended to discuss results and next steps.

Alternatives

• HIV-1/2 Differentiation Assay for initial screening.
• Nucleic Acid Tests (NAT) that detect HIV RNA, though these are typically more expensive and less commonly used for initial screening.

Patient Experience

• Patients may feel a brief sting or pinch during the blood draw.
• Emotional support and counseling are usually available, particularly if the test results are positive.
• Discussing the significance of results with a healthcare provider can help manage anxiety and plan further steps.