Column chromatography/mass spectrometry (eg, GC/MS, or HPLC/MS), non-drug analyte not elsewhere specified; stable isotope dilution, multiple analytes, quantitative, single stationary and mobile phase
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Column chromatography/mass spectrometry (e.g., GC/MS, or HPLC/MS), non-drug analyte not elsewhere specified; stable isotope dilution, multiple analytes, quantitative, single stationary and mobile phase.
Summary
Column chromatography/mass spectrometry (CC/MS) is a highly precise laboratory technique used to analyze multiple chemical components in a sample. This method, which can include gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS), involves separating compounds using chromatography and identifying them via mass spectrometry. The analysis is quantitative, meaning it measures the exact amount of each component, and employs stable isotope dilution to ensure accuracy.
Purpose
CC/MS is used to detect and quantify multiple non-drug analytes in biological samples, aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of various medical conditions. The procedure is aimed at providing highly accurate and reliable data that can be pivotal in diagnosing diseases, assessing metabolic functions, and monitoring treatment efficacy.
Indications
- Unexplained metabolic disorders
- Nutritional deficiencies or imbalances
- Toxicological assessments
- Monitoring of specific biomarkers for disease management
- Research studies requiring precise chemical quantification
Preparation
- Patients may be required to fast for a certain period before sample collection.
- Certain medications might need to be paused or adjusted as per physician’s instructions.
- Diagnostic tests, such as blood or urine tests, might be required beforehand to determine appropriate sample collection.
Procedure Description
- Sample Collection: Blood, urine, or other biological material is collected from the patient.
- Sample Preparation: The sample undergoes preparation, which includes the addition of stable isotopes and might involve dilution, filtration, or other preprocessing steps.
- Chromatography: The prepared sample is injected into the chromatographic system (either GC or HPLC), where it is separated into its components as it passes through a stationary phase under the influence of a mobile phase.
- Mass Spectrometry: The separated components enter the mass spectrometer, where they are ionized and their masses are measured.
- Data Analysis: The resulting data is analyzed to quantify the concentration of each analyte based on the stable isotope references.
Duration
The entire procedure, from sample preparation to data analysis, typically takes several hours, depending on the complexity of the sample.
Setting
The procedure is generally conducted in specialized laboratory settings, either within hospitals or dedicated diagnostic labs.
Personnel
- Clinical Laboratory Scientists
- Laboratory Technicians
- Pathologists (for data interpretation)
Risks and Complications
- Minimal risks associated with sample collection, such as minor bruising at the site of a blood draw.
- Rarely, sample contamination or technical issues might affect the accuracy of results.
- Proper method validation ensures robust and reliable outcomes.
Benefits
- High precision and accuracy in quantifying multiple analytes.
- Early detection and monitoring of complex metabolic and biochemical disorders.
- Data helps tailor specific treatment plans and monitor therapeutic efficacy.
Recovery
- No significant recovery time is required.
- Post-procedure, patients can generally resume normal activities immediately unless advised otherwise.
Alternatives
- Single-analyte assays: Less comprehensive but might suffice for specific diagnostic needs.
- Non-isotopic chromatography methods: Less accurate in quantitative analysis compared to stable isotope dilution techniques.
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs): Useful for detecting specific proteins or hormones but not as comprehensive for multiple analyte quantification.
Patient Experience
- Minimal discomfort during sample collection (e.g., a quick blood draw or urine collection).
- No pain or discomfort associated with the chromatography/mass spectrometry process itself.
- Any required fasting or medication adjustments should be clearly communicated to ensure patient compliance and comfort.