Name of the Procedure:

Chemiluminescent Assay (CLIA), Chemiluminescence Immunoassay, Luminometric Assay

Summary

A chemiluminescent assay is a laboratory test used to detect the presence of specific substances, such as hormones, enzymes, or antibodies in a blood sample. It utilizes a chemical reaction that emits light, which can be measured to quantify the concentration of the target molecule.

Purpose

Chemiluminescent assays are used to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions by measuring specific biomarkers in the blood. They help in detecting hormonal imbalances, infectious diseases, and cancer markers, among others. The goal is to provide accurate and rapid results that aid in clinical decision-making.

Indications

• Hormonal disorders (e.g., thyroid, reproductive hormones)
• Infectious diseases (e.g., HIV, hepatitis)
• Cardiac markers for heart conditions
• Tumor markers for cancer diagnosis
• Autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)

Preparation

• Fasting may be required for certain tests
• Discontinuation or adjustment of certain medications as advised by the healthcare provider
• Informing the healthcare provider of any allergies or previous reactions to laboratory tests

Procedure Description

1. A blood sample is drawn from the patient, usually from a vein in the arm.
2. The sample is processed and mixed with specific reagents.
3. A chemiluminescent substrate is added, causing a chemical reaction that emits light.
4. The emitted light is measured using a luminometer, and the intensity correlates with the concentration of the target molecule.
5. Results are analyzed and interpreted by a healthcare professional.

Duration

The actual blood draw takes about 5-10 minutes. The total lab processing and analysis time may vary but typically takes a few hours to a day.

Setting

The procedure is usually performed in a clinical laboratory setting, hospital, or outpatient clinic.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse to draw the blood sample
• Laboratory technician or technologist to process and analyze the sample
• Pathologist or physician to interpret the results

Risks and Complications

• Minor bruising or discomfort at the blood draw site
• Rare risk of infection at the puncture site
• Potential for inaccurate results due to sample contamination or improper handling

Benefits

• Provides accurate and rapid diagnostic information
• Non-invasive and easy to perform
• Helps in early detection and monitoring of diseases

Recovery

• Minimal recovery time; patients can resume normal activities immediately after the blood draw
• Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss results and further treatment

Alternatives

• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
• Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
• Each alternative method has its own pros and cons regarding sensitivity, specificity, and turnaround time.

Patient Experience

• The patient will experience a brief needle stick for the blood draw.
• Minor discomfort or bruising can occur at the puncture site.
• Overall, it is a straightforward and well-tolerated procedure with minimal discomfort.