Name of the Procedure:

Stereotactic Radiation Treatment Management of Cranial Lesion(s)

• Common name: Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)
• Medical terms: Stereotactic Radiotherapy

Summary

In stereotactic radiosurgery, a high dose of focused radiation is delivered to a specific area of the brain to treat cranial lesions in a single session. Unlike traditional surgery, it does not involve making any incisions.

Purpose

Stereotactic radiosurgery is used to treat various types of brain lesions, including tumors, blood vessel abnormalities, and other neurological conditions. The goal is to precisely target and destroy abnormal tissue while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy brain tissue.

Indications

• Brain tumors (both malignant and benign)
• Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)
• Trigeminal neuralgia
• Pituitary adenomas
• Metastatic brain lesions

Preparation

• Consultation with a radiation oncologist and neurosurgeon
• Imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans to plan treatment
• Possible instructions to fast for several hours before the procedure
• Adjustment of medications as directed by the healthcare team

Procedure Description

1. The patient lies on a treatment table and is fitted with a head frame or custom mask to keep the head still.
2. Imaging tests are used to pinpoint the exact location of the cranial lesion.
3. A computer algorithm creates a treatment plan to deliver precise radiation beams from multiple angles.
4. The patient receives focused radiation treatment for the cranial lesion, which may take several minutes to an hour.
5. Continuous monitoring ensures precision and safety throughout the session.

Duration

The procedure typically takes 1-2 hours, including preparation and treatment.

Setting

Stereotactic radiosurgery is usually performed in a specialized treatment room within a hospital or outpatient clinic.

Personnel

• Radiation oncologist
• Neurosurgeon
• Medical physicist
• Radiation therapist
• Nurse

Risks and Complications

• Common risks: Fatigue, mild headache, scalp irritation
• Rare risks: Swelling around the treatment area, temporary neurological symptoms, radiation necrosis
• Complications are managed with medications and close monitoring.

Benefits

Expected benefits include the destruction of the targeted lesion, reduction of symptoms related to the lesion, and prevention of further growth or spread. Benefits can be observed within weeks to months after treatment.

Recovery

• Patients can typically go home the same day.
• Patients may experience fatigue or a mild headache for a few days.
• Follow-up imaging scans to assess treatment effectiveness.
• Normal activities can usually be resumed within a day or two.

Alternatives

• Conventional surgery: More invasive, longer recovery time
• Fractionated radiotherapy: Involves multiple sessions, suitable for larger lesions
• Chemotherapy: Standard option for certain types of tumors, involves systemic treatment

Patient Experience

• During the procedure: The patient will be awake but must remain still. The head frame or mask may cause slight discomfort.
• After the procedure: Mild fatigue and headache are common; pain management with over-the-counter pain relievers is often sufficient.
• Comfort measures: The healthcare team will provide support and instructions for managing any discomfort.