Name of the Procedure:

Hysterosalpingography (HSG)

Summary

Hysterosalpingography is a specialized X-ray procedure used to examine a woman’s uterus and fallopian tubes. It involves the injection of a contrast dye through the cervix, which enhances the visibility of these structures on X-ray images.

Purpose

Hysterosalpingography is primarily used to investigate fertility issues. It helps identify blockages or abnormalities in the fallopian tubes and uterus, which can prevent pregnancy. The procedure aims to provide a clear view of the reproductive organs to aid in diagnosing conditions that may interfere with conception.

Indications

• Infertility evaluation
• Recurrent miscarriages
• Suspected uterine anomalies (such as scar tissue or congenital defects)
• Follow-up after tubal surgery or reversal of tubal ligation

Preparation

• Schedule the procedure between days 7 and 10 of your menstrual cycle.
• Avoid using tampons, douches, or vaginal medications for 24 hours before the procedure.
• Inform your doctor of any allergies, particularly to iodine or contrast dyes.
• Take any prescribed antibiotics as a preventive measure.
• A mild sedative or pain reliever may be taken an hour before the procedure if recommended by your physician.

Procedure Description

1. Initial Preparation: The patient lies on an X-ray table. A speculum is inserted into the vagina to visualize the cervix.
2. Contrast Dye Injection: A small catheter is inserted through the cervix into the uterus. Contrast dye is slowly injected to fill the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes.
3. Imaging: X-ray images are taken to capture the flow of the dye through the reproductive organs. The radiologist supervises and interprets these images in real-time.
4. Completion: The catheter and speculum are removed once sufficient images are obtained.

Tools and equipment include a speculum, catheter, contrast dye, and X-ray imaging devices. Typically, no anesthesia is required, but mild pain relief can be provided if necessary.

Duration

The entire procedure typically takes about 30 minutes.

Setting

Hysterosalpingography is usually performed in a radiology department of a hospital or an outpatient imaging center.

Personnel

• Radiologist (performs the procedure and interprets the images)
• Radiologic technologist (assists with the X-ray imaging)

Risks and Complications

• Mild discomfort or cramping
• Spotting or light bleeding
• Infection
• Allergic reaction to contrast dye
• Rare but possible injury to the uterus

Benefits

The procedure helps diagnose issues related to infertility and confirm the health of the reproductive organs. Benefits can be realized immediately as it provides valuable information for planning further treatments.

Recovery

• Mild cramping or spotting may occur for a few days.
• Over-the-counter pain relief can be used for discomfort.
• Avoid intercourse, tampon use, and douching for 24 hours following the procedure.
• Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss results and further treatment options.

Alternatives

• Ultrasound (less invasive but less detailed)
• Laparoscopy (more invasive but allows for direct visualization and potential treatment)

• Sonohysterography (uses saline and ultrasound for internal views)

  Each alternative has its pros and cons, ranging from non-invasive to minimally invasive, with varying levels of detail and diagnostic capability.

Patient Experience

During the procedure, patients might feel mild to moderate discomfort or cramping similar to menstrual cramps. Some patients experience slight dizziness or nausea. Afterward, mild cramping and spotting can occur, resolving within a few days. Pain management measures can include over-the-counter pain relievers and resting as needed.