Name of the Procedure:

Computed Tomography, Lower Extremity with Contrast Material(s)
Common name(s): CT scan of the lower leg with contrast

Summary

A Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the lower extremity with contrast material is an advanced imaging procedure that uses X-rays and computer technology to create detailed images of the bones, blood vessels, and soft tissues in the lower leg. The contrast material enhances the images, providing clearer and more precise results.

Purpose

This procedure is used to diagnose and evaluate various conditions affecting the lower extremities, including fractures, infections, tumors, blood vessel issues, and soft tissue injuries. The goal is to obtain highly detailed images that help in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Indications

• Persistent pain or swelling in the lower leg
• Suspected fractures or bone abnormalities
• Infections or abscesses
• Assessment of tumors or cysts
• Vascular conditions like blood clots or narrowed arteries
• Unresolved soft tissue injuries

Preparation

• Fasting for a few hours prior to the procedure
• Disclosure of all medications and allergies, particularly to contrast materials
• Blood tests to evaluate kidney function, as the contrast material is processed through the kidneys

Procedure Description

1. The patient will change into a hospital gown and remove any metal objects.
2. An intravenous (IV) line is inserted for contrast material administration.
3. The patient lies on a CT table that moves through a ring-shaped scanner.
4. Initial scans may be done before the contrast material is injected.
5. The contrast material is administered through the IV, and additional scans are taken.
6. The patient may be asked to hold their breath momentarily to avoid movement that can blur the images.
7. The scanner collects data, which is then compiled into detailed images by a computer.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 30-60 minutes.

Setting

This procedure is usually performed in a hospital radiology department or an outpatient imaging center.

Personnel

• Radiologist (physician specializing in medical imaging)
• Radiologic technologist
• Nurse (for IV placement and monitoring)

Risks and Complications

• Mild allergic reactions to the contrast material (e.g., rash, itching)
• Rarely, severe allergic reactions or kidney problems
• Slight exposure to radiation, though generally considered safe

Benefits

• Non-invasive, highly detailed images of bones and soft tissues
• Early and accurate diagnosis of medical conditions
• Helps guide treatment plans effectively

Recovery

• Patients can usually return to normal activities immediately after the procedure.
• Drink plenty of fluids to help clear the contrast material from the body.
• Follow any specific post-procedure instructions provided by the healthcare team.

Alternatives

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): No radiation but may not be suitable for all patients (e.g., those with metal implants)
• Ultrasound: Good for soft tissue and blood flow studies but less detailed for bones
• Plain X-rays: Useful for fractures but less detailed compared to CT scans

Patient Experience

During the CT scan, the patient will need to lie still on a table that moves through the scanner. The IV contrast infusion may cause a brief sensation of warmth or a metallic taste in the mouth. Post-procedure, the patient may experience minimal discomfort at the IV site, and they are encouraged to hydrate well to flush out the contrast material.