Name of the Procedure:

Colonoscopy, flexible; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed. Commonly known as Colonoscopy.

Summary

A colonoscopy is a procedure that allows a doctor to examine the inner lining of your large intestine (colon and rectum). The doctor uses a thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope to look for abnormalities or diseases, including collecting specimen(s) by brushing or washing if needed.

Purpose

• Medical Condition: Identifies and evaluates abnormalities like polyps, ulcers, tumors, or inflammation.
• Goals: To diagnose conditions affecting the colon, such as colorectal cancer, diverticulosis, Crohn’s disease, or ulcerative colitis. To collect tissue samples for biopsy.

Indications

• Symptoms: Unexplained changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, prolonged diarrhea, or constipation.
• Patient Criteria: Individuals over 50 for routine screening, those with a family history of colorectal cancer, or patients with symptoms or previous conditions affecting the colon.

Preparation

• Pre-procedure: Patients need to follow a clear liquid diet a day before and may be required to take a laxative or enema to clear the bowel.
• Assessments: Pre-procedure health assessment, possibly including blood tests and discussion of current medications.
• Medication: Adjustments may be necessary for certain medications such as blood thinners.

Procedure Description

1. Sedation: The patient is sedated to ensure comfort.
2. Insertion: A colonoscope is gently inserted into the rectum and navigated through the colon.
3. Examination: The doctor examines the colon lining for abnormalities.
4. Specimen Collection: Tissue samples or cell collections may be taken using a brush or washing technique.
5. Completion: The colonoscope is slowly removed while the doctor continues to examine the colon.

Duration

Typically takes about 30 to 60 minutes.

Setting

Usually performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or surgical center.

Personnel

• Primary: Gastroenterologist.
• Support: Nurses, possibly an anesthesiologist.

Risks and Complications

• Common Risks: Bloating, cramping, or mild discomfort post-procedure.
• Rare Risks: Bleeding from biopsy sites, perforation of the colon, adverse reactions to sedatives. Complications can often be managed with prompt medical treatment.

Benefits

• Expected Benefits: Early detection of colorectal cancer or other gastrointestinal issues. Clarification of symptoms and appropriate treatment direction.
• Timeline: Benefits are typically realized shortly after the procedure, especially if a diagnosis is confirmed.

Recovery

• Post-procedure care: Patients need to rest until sedatives wear off. Someone should drive them home.
• Instructions: Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activities for a day. Follow any specific dietary recommendations from the healthcare provider.
• Recovery Time: Most people recover within 24 hours. Follow-up appointments may be necessary based on findings.

Alternatives

• Other Options: Flexible sigmoidoscopy, virtual colonoscopy (CT colonography), and fecal occult blood test (FOBT).
• Pros and Cons: Alternatives may be less invasive but might not offer the comprehensive view or diagnostic capabilities of a colonoscopy.

Patient Experience

• During Procedure: Mild discomfort or pressure; sedation usually prevents significant pain.
• Post-procedure: Bloated feeling or minor cramps are common, but typically resolve quickly. Pain management includes over-the-counter pain relief and rest.