Name of the Procedure:

Anoscopy; diagnostic, including collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)

Summary

An anoscopy is a medical procedure where a healthcare provider uses a small, lighted instrument called an anoscope to inspect the anal canal and lower rectum. This diagnostic procedure may include collecting specimens using brushing or washing techniques for further laboratory analysis.

Purpose

An anoscopy is performed to diagnose conditions affecting the anal canal and lower rectum. The main goals are to:

• Identify the cause of symptoms like anal pain, bleeding, or discharge.
• Diagnose conditions such as hemorrhoids, fissures, infections, or tumors.
• Obtain tissue samples for laboratory testing.

Indications

• Rectal bleeding
• Persistent anal pain or itching
• Unexplained anal discharge
• Suspicion of anal cancer or precancerous conditions
• Chronic diarrhea or constipation

Preparation

• Fast for a few hours before the procedure, as advised by the healthcare provider.
• Adjust or halt certain medications, especially anticoagulants, under medical guidance.
• Complete any pre-procedure diagnostic tests, such as a rectal exam.

Procedure Description

1. The patient is asked to lie on their side or in a knee-chest position.
2. The healthcare provider gently inserts the lubricated anoscope into the anus.
3. The provider inspects the anal canal and lower rectum using the lighted scope.
4. If necessary, specimens are collected via brushing or washing for further testing.
5. The anoscope is carefully removed.

Tools/Equipment:

• Anoscope (a small, rigid tube with a light)
• Lubricant
• Specimen collection tools (brushes, washing instruments)

Anesthesia: Typically, no anesthesia is needed, but a local anesthetic may be applied to reduce discomfort.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 10-15 minutes.

Setting

Anoscopy is usually performed in an outpatient clinic, hospital, or surgical center.

Personnel

• Primary healthcare provider (e.g., gastroenterologist, proctologist)
• Nurse or medical assistant

Risks and Complications

Common Risks:

• Mild discomfort or pain
• Minor bleeding or irritation

Rare Risks:

• Infection
• Severe bleeding
• Perforation of the rectal wall

Management of Complications:

• Medications or minor procedures may be necessary to address complications.
• Follow-up visits to monitor and manage any issues.

Benefits

• Accurate diagnosis of anal and lower rectal conditions
• Early detection of potentially serious conditions
• Guidance for appropriate treatment

Recovery

• Mild discomfort might be experienced after the procedure.
• Patients can typically resume normal activities immediately.
• Follow any specific post-procedure instructions provided by the healthcare provider.
• A follow-up appointment may be scheduled to discuss results and next steps.

Alternatives

• Flexible sigmoidoscopy: A more comprehensive examination of the lower colon.
• Colonoscopy: Examination of the entire colon and rectum.

• Digital rectal exam: A preliminary, less invasive exam.

  Pros and Cons:

• Anoscopy is less invasive with quicker recovery compared to a colonoscopy.
• Flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy provide a broader range of diagnostic information.

Patient Experience

During the Procedure:

• Patients might feel slight pressure or discomfort.
• Some sensations of fullness or the need to move the bowels.

After the Procedure:

• Minor soreness or irritation in the anal area.
• Over-the-counter pain relievers can be used to manage discomfort.
• Normal activities can usually be resumed the same day.