Systemic antimicrobial therapy prescribed (AOE)
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Systemic Antimicrobial Therapy Prescribed (Antibiotic Therapy, Antimicrobial Treatment)
Summary
Systemic antimicrobial therapy involves prescribing medication to treat infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. These medications work throughout the entire body to eliminate the infectious agents.
Purpose
Antimicrobial therapy addresses various infections, whether localized or spread throughout the body. The primary goal is to eliminate the causative pathogens and alleviate symptoms, ultimately curing the infection and preventing its spread.
Indications
- Bacterial infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis
- Viral infections like influenza or hepatitis (where antivirals are appropriate)
- Fungal infections such as candidiasis
- Parasitic infections, including malaria
- Patients showing symptoms of infection like fever, chills, elevated white blood cell count, or localized pain and inflammation
Preparation
- A thorough medical history and physical examination
- Diagnostic tests such as blood cultures, urine tests, or imaging studies to identify the type of pathogen causing the infection
- Discussion with the healthcare provider about any allergies, especially to medications
Procedure Description
- Diagnosis: Evaluation of symptoms and diagnostic tests to identify the infectious agent.
- Prescription: Based on the diagnosis, a healthcare provider prescribes an appropriate antimicrobial medication.
- Administration: Medications can be administered orally, intravenously, or through other routes depending on the type and severity of the infection.
- Monitoring: Regular follow-up to monitor the efficacy of the treatment and adjust dosages if necessary.
Tools, equipment, or technology:
- Diagnostic lab tests
Medication (tablets, capsules, intravenous drugs)
Anesthesia or sedation:
Typically none, unless the patient requires administration via a central line, which may involve local anesthesia.
Duration
Treatment duration varies widely, from a single dose to several weeks, depending on the infection type and severity.
Setting
Prescribed and monitored in various settings:
- Outpatient clinics
- Hospitals
- Home, if oral medication is prescribed and self-administered
Personnel
- Primary care physicians
- Infectious disease specialists
- Nurses
- Pharmacists
Risks and Complications
Common risks:
- Allergic reactions
- Gastrointestinal upset (nausea, diarrhea)
Rare risks:
- Anaphylaxis
- Drug resistance
- Secondary infections (e.g., C. difficile)
Benefits
- Rapid alleviation of symptoms
- Eradication of the infection
- Prevention of the spread of infectious diseases
- Reduction in the risk of complications from untreated infections
Useful benefits can be realized within a few days to weeks, depending on the infection and treatment effectiveness.
Recovery
- Follow the entire prescribed course of medication even if symptoms improve early.
- Maintain adequate hydration and nutrition.
- Attend follow-up appointments for reassessment.
- Report any adverse effects to your healthcare provider immediately.
Alternatives
Other treatment options may include:
- Supportive care (hydration, rest)
- Surgery (for abscesses or infected tissues)
- Watchful waiting (in cases where the body may clear the infection without medications)
Pros and cons:
- Non-antibiotic treatments might avert medication side effects but may not effectively eliminate severe infections.
Patient Experience
- Administration of medication may be simple and involve minimal discomfort.
- Potential side effects such as stomach upset or headache.
- Follow-up appointments may require blood draws or additional tests.
- Pain management typically involves over-the-counter medications, and most discomfort resolves with the infection.
This description provides a comprehensive overview of systemic antimicrobial therapy, ensuring that patients understand what to expect throughout their treatment.