Name of the Procedure:

Electrical Stimulation to Aid Bone Healing; Invasive (Operative)
Common name(s): Internal Bone Growth Stimulation, Electrical Osteogenesis Stimulation
Technical terms: Invasive Electrical Stimulation for Osteogenesis

Summary

Invasive electrical stimulation to aid bone healing is a surgical procedure that involves implanting a device near the bone fracture site. This device delivers controlled electrical currents to promote bone growth and healing, especially in cases where natural healing is slow or impaired.

Purpose

• Medical Condition: Treats delayed union or nonunion of bone fractures.
• Goals: Enhance and accelerate bone healing, reduce the risk of a permanent non-union, and improve functional recovery of the affected limb.

Indications

• Non-healing bone fractures (nonunion)
• Delayed healing of bones (delayed union)
• Inadequate response to conservative treatments such as casts or braces
• Patients with medical conditions or risk factors inhibiting bone healing (e.g., diabetes, smoking, osteoporosis)

Preparation

• Preoperative imaging: X-rays, CT scans, or MRI to locate the fracture and plan the procedure.
• Fasting for 8-12 hours before surgery.
• Adjustment of medications: Temporary discontinuation of blood thinners or other medications as directed by the surgeon.
• Preoperative consultation: Discussing the procedure, risks, benefits, and obtaining informed consent.

Procedure Description

1. Anesthesia: General anesthesia is administered to ensure the patient is asleep and pain-free.
2. Incision: A small surgical incision is made near the site of the bone fracture.
3. Implantation: The electrical stimulation device is implanted near the bone. Electrodes are positioned to deliver electrical currents directly to the fracture site.
4. Setup: The device settings are programmed to deliver the appropriate frequency and intensity of electrical currents.
5. Closure: The incision is closed with sutures or surgical staples.
6. Monitoring: The patient's vital signs and the functioning of the device are monitored.

Duration

The procedure typically takes 1 to 2 hours.

Setting

The procedure is performed in a hospital surgical suite or an outpatient surgical center.

Personnel

• Orthopedic surgeon
• Surgical nurse
• Anesthesiologist
• Operating room technicians

Risks and Complications

• Infection at the incision site.
• Device malfunction or failure.
• Pain or discomfort at the implantation site.
• Rare reactions to anesthesia.
• Potential need for additional surgeries or procedures.

Benefits

• Accelerated bone healing.
• Increased likelihood of complete fracture healing.
• Reduced immobilization period and quicker return to normal activities.
• Enhanced overall functional recovery of the affected bone or limb.

Recovery

• Postoperative care: Wound care, pain management with medications, and monitoring for any signs of infection.
• Activity restrictions: Limiting weight-bearing or movement based on the fracture site.
• Follow-up: Regular follow-up appointments for X-rays and assessment of healing progress.
• Expected recovery time: Several weeks to months, depending on the severity of the fracture and individual healing rates.

Alternatives

• Non-invasive bone growth stimulation
• Casts or braces (conservative management)
• Bone grafting or surgical fixation with plates and screws
• Pros and cons: Non-invasive options avoid surgical risks but may be less effective in severe cases; more invasive surgery may offer faster results but comes with increased risks.

Patient Experience

• During: The procedure is performed under general anesthesia, so the patient will not feel anything during surgery.
• Postoperative: Some pain and discomfort at the incision site can be managed with medications.
• Recovery period: Gradual mobilization, adherence to activity restrictions, and physical therapy may be required for optimal recovery.
• Pain management: Pain relief through medications and other comfort measures as needed during the recovery process.