Name of the Procedure:

Mastectomy, Simple, Complete

• Common Name: Simple Mastectomy
• Medical Terms: Total Mastectomy

Summary

A simple mastectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of an entire breast, including the nipple, areola, and most of the overlying skin. It is primarily used to treat or prevent breast cancer.

Purpose

• Medical Condition: Treatment of breast cancer or as a preventive measure for those at high risk.
• Goals: To remove cancerous tissues and reduce the risk of cancer spreading or recurring.

Indications

• Diagnosed breast cancer.
• Genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1 or BRCA2).
• Large or multifocal tumors.
• Recurrence of cancer in the breast.

Preparation

• Pre-procedure Instructions:
  • Fasting may be required if general anesthesia is used.
  • Medication adjustments, especially blood thinners.
  • Arrange for post-surgery transportation and support.
• Diagnostic Tests:
  • Blood tests.
  • Imaging studies like mammograms or MRIs.
  • Biopsy results.

Procedure Description

1. Anesthesia: Administered general anesthesia.
2. Incision: A horizontal or diagonal incision is made across the breast.
3. Removal: Entire breast tissue, including the nipple, areola, and part of the skin, are removed.
4. Drain Placement: Temporary drains may be placed to remove fluids.
5. Closure: Incision is closed with sutures or surgical staples.
6. Dressings: Sterile dressings are applied to the wound.

Duration

Approximately 1-3 hours, depending on the complexity and whether simultaneous reconstruction is performed.

Setting

Performed in a hospital or surgical center.

Personnel

• Lead Surgeon (performing the mastectomy).
• Surgical nurses.
• Anesthesiologist (administering anesthesia).
• Technicians and possibly a plastic surgeon (if reconstruction is planned).

Risks and Complications

• Common Risks: Infection, bruising, swelling.
• Rare Risks: Bleeding, complications from anesthesia, blood clots, seroma (fluid buildup), nerve damage.
• Management: Antibiotics to prevent infection, pain management, and monitoring for complications.

Benefits

• Effective removal of cancerous tissues.
• Decreased risk of cancer recurrence.
• Potential peace of mind for high-risk patients.

Recovery

• Post-procedure Care: Wound care instructions, drainage management, medications for pain and preventing infection.
• Recovery Time: Typically 4-8 weeks.
• Restrictions: Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activities. Follow-up appointments for wound check and drain removal.

Alternatives

• Lumpectomy: Only the tumor and a small margin of tissue are removed.
  • Pros: Conserves most of the breast.
  • Cons: Often requires radiation therapy.
• Double Mastectomy: Removal of both breasts.
  • Pros: Reduces risk of cancer in the second breast.
  • Cons: More extensive surgery and longer recovery.

Patient Experience

During the procedure, the patient will be under general anesthesia and will not feel pain. Post-operative pain and discomfort are managed with medications. Patients may experience emotional and physical changes, and support from healthcare professionals, counselors, or support groups is encouraged.