Name of the Procedure:

Mastectomy, partial (also known as lumpectomy, tylectomy, quadrantectomy, segmentectomy)

Summary

A partial mastectomy involves the surgical removal of a portion of breast tissue, typically to treat breast cancer. It aims to excise the tumor and some surrounding tissue while preserving as much of the breast as possible.

Purpose

This procedure is performed to remove cancerous tissues within the breast. The main goals are to eliminate cancer, prevent its spread, and maintain the appearance and function of the breast.

Indications

Partial mastectomy is indicated for patients with early-stage breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), or certain benign breast conditions. It is suitable for patients with smaller tumors localized to one part of the breast.

Preparation

• Patients may be advised to fast several hours before the procedure.
• Blood tests, mammograms, or MRIs may be required.
• Medication adjustments, such as stopping blood thinners, might be necessary.

Procedure Description

1. Anesthesia: Administered general or local anesthesia with sedation.
2. Incision: A small incision is made over or near the tumor site.
3. Removal of Tissue: The tumor and a margin of surrounding tissue are removed.
4. Pathological Examination: Removed tissue is typically examined by a pathologist.
5. Closure: The incision is closed with sutures or surgical glue.

Standard surgical instruments, and sometimes advanced technologies like intraoperative imaging, are used.

Duration

The procedure typically takes 1 to 2 hours.

Setting

A partial mastectomy can be performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or a surgical center.

Personnel

• Surgeons specializing in breast surgery
• Operating room nurses
• Anesthesiologists
• Pathologists (for tissue examination)

Risks and Complications

• Common: Infection, bleeding, pain, and scarring
• Rare: Changes in breast shape, numbness, or lymphedema Potential complications are managed with medications, physical therapy, or additional medical procedures if necessary.

Benefits

• Preservation of most breast tissue
• Effective removal of localized cancer Benefits are typically realized almost immediately, with a high success rate in early-stage breast cancer treatment.

Recovery

• Rest and limited physical activity for a few days
• Pain management with prescribed medication
• Avoid lifting heavy objects
• Follow-up appointments are necessary for wound check-ups and additional treatments if required

Alternatives

• Total mastectomy: Complete removal of the breast
• Radiation therapy: Post-procedural therapy to destroy remaining cancer cells
• Chemotherapy or hormone therapy: For more widespread or aggressive cancer Each alternative comes with its own set of benefits and risks.

Patient Experience

Patients may experience mild to moderate pain, managed with medications. There may be temporary swelling or bruising at the surgical site. Emotional support and counseling services can help manage feelings of anxiety or depression related to the procedure.