Low Body Mass Index (BMI) in Adults

Name of the Condition

• Common Terms: Low body weight, Underweight
• Technical Term: Body mass index [BMI] 19.9 or less, adult
• ICD Code: Z68.1

Summary

Low body mass index (BMI) in adults is a condition characterized by a BMI of 19.9 or less. It indicates that a person's weight is lower than what is considered healthy for their height and could suggest underlying nutritional, health, or lifestyle issues.

Causes

• Poor dietary intake or malnutrition
• Increased metabolism or high energy expenditure
• Chronic illnesses such as cancer, tuberculosis, or eating disorders
• Genetic predispositions

Risk Factors

• Family history of being underweight
• High levels of physical activity without adequate dietary compensation
• Chronic medical conditions
• Psychological factors such as depression or anxiety

Symptoms

• Fatigue and low energy
• Frequent illnesses or infections
• Brittle bones or hair loss
• Difficulty concentrating or cognitive issues

Diagnosis

• Calculation of BMI using weight and height
• Nutritional and medical history assessments
• Blood tests to rule out underlying conditions
• Physical examination by a healthcare professional

Treatment Options

• Nutritional counseling to ensure a balanced and calorie-sufficient diet
• Monitoring and managing any underlying health conditions
• Psychological support if emotional or mental health factors are involved
• Possible medication to stimulate appetite if necessary

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• With proper dietary and medical interventions, individuals can reach a healthy weight and reduce associated health risks.
• Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers for monitoring and adjustment of treatment plans.

Complications

• Increased risk of osteoporosis
• Immune system deficiencies
• Fertility issues

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Adopting a balanced diet with adequate caloric intake
• Regular health check-ups to promptly address any underlying conditions
• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with suitable physical activity

When to Seek Professional Help

• Unexplained weight loss despite a seemingly normal diet
• Persistent fatigue and weakness
• Signs of nutritional deficiencies (e.g., hair loss, skin problems)

Additional Resources

• World Health Organization (WHO)
• Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
• Support groups for nutritional and weight management

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure accurate measurement and recording of BMI when coding.
• Distinguish between "low BMI" and conditions that may lead to low BMI, such as eating disorders, by using additional codes if applicable.
• Avoid coding errors by verifying that BMI values align with standard definitions and ICD guidelines.