Poisoning by Cannabis, Accidental (Unintentional), Initial Encounter (T40.711A)

Name of the Condition

• Common name: Cannabis overdose
• Medical terms: Unintentional cannabis poisoning

Summary

Cannabis poisoning occurs when an individual ingests or absorbs an excessive amount of cannabis, leading to toxic effects. This ICD code applies to accidental instances where the exposure was not intentional, as opposed to deliberate misuse or abuse.

Causes

Accidental cannabis poisoning typically results from consuming edibles with high THC content, inhaling concentrated cannabis products, or mistakenly ingesting cannabis products, especially by children or inexperienced users.

Risk Factors

• Ingestion by children and pets
• Consumption of homemade or improperly labeled products
• Lack of awareness of cannabis potency
• Edibles, which take longer to take effect, leading to overconsumption

Symptoms

• Dizziness, confusion, or impaired coordination
• Anxiety, panic attacks, or paranoia
• Nausea and vomiting
• Increased heart rate
• Severe drowsiness or lethargy

Diagnosis

• Clinical evaluation and history of cannabis exposure
• Possible toxicology screens to confirm the presence of cannabinoids

Treatment Options

• Supportive care and observation
• Hydration and rest
• Benzodiazepines for severe anxiety or agitation
• Activated charcoal in certain cases to limit absorption

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Most cases resolve with supportive care and pose no long-term health risks.
• Follow-up to ensure the resolution of symptoms and discuss preventive measures.

Complications

• Severe cases can lead to respiratory depression or impaired consciousness.
• Accidental ingestion by children may require more intensive care.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Safe storage of cannabis products away from children and pets
• Educating users about appropriate dosages, especially for edibles
• Awareness of product potency and onset time

When to Seek Professional Help

• Persistent or severe symptoms such as chest pain, respiratory difficulties, or altered mental status
• Ingestion by a child or pet, requiring emergency evaluation

Additional Resources

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
• Poison Control Center

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure accurate coding by verifying the encounter is initial and unintentional.
• Be cautious not to confuse with intentional misuse (use different codes for intentional poisoning).