R82.992 Hyperoxaluria

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- Hyperoxaluria

#### Summary
Hyperoxaluria is a medical condition characterized by an excessive urinary excretion of oxalate, which can lead to the formation of kidney stones and kidney damage. It can occur as a primary genetic disorder or secondary to other medical conditions.

#### Causes
- **Primary Hyperoxaluria**: A rare genetic condition caused by an enzyme deficiency that leads to the overproduction of oxalate.
- **Secondary Hyperoxaluria**: Often results from excessive dietary oxalate intake or other diseases affecting oxalate metabolism and excretion.

#### Risk Factors
- Genetic predisposition for primary hyperoxaluria.
- High intake of oxalate-rich foods like spinach, nuts, and tea.
- Gastrointestinal diseases such as Crohn’s disease or after gastric bypass surgery.

#### Symptoms
- Recurrent kidney stones.
- Blood in the urine (hematuria).
- Painful urination.
- Frequent urinary tract infections.

#### Diagnosis
- **Urine Tests**: Measurement of oxalate levels in a 24-hour urine sample.
- **Blood Tests**: Serum oxalate levels may be measured.
- **Genetic Testing**: To confirm primary hyperoxaluria.
- **Imaging**: Ultrasound or CT scans to detect kidney stones.

#### Treatment Options
- **Dietary Changes**: Reduce intake of oxalate-rich foods.
- **Hydration**: Increase fluid intake to dilute urine.
- **Medications**: Such as vitamin B6 to reduce oxalate production for some patients.
- **Dialysis or Transplant**: In severe cases where kidney function is critically affected.

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
- Prognosis varies: Primary hyperoxaluria often requires lifelong management, while dietary adjustments can effectively manage secondary hyperoxaluria.
- Regular follow-up is crucial for monitoring renal function and preventing complications like kidney stones.

#### Complications
- Chronic kidney disease or renal failure if not well-managed.
- Continuous formation of kidney stones can lead to urinary tract obstruction and infections.

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- Maintain a diet low in oxalates, sodium, and protein.
- Adequate hydration to reduce urine concentration.
- Regular kidney function monitoring if at risk.

#### When to Seek Professional Help
- Severe pain in the kidney or bladder area.
- Recurrent urinary tract infections or visible blood in urine.
- Sudden decrease in urine output or higher kidney stone frequency.

#### Additional Resources
- The Oxalosis & Hyperoxaluria Foundation (OHF) - [https://ohf.org/](https://ohf.org/)
- National Kidney Foundation - [https://www.kidney.org/](https://www.kidney.org/)

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure specificity by distinguishing between primary and secondary hyperoxaluria.
- Verify medical records for genetic confirmation in the case of primary hyperoxaluria.
- Avoid confusion with similar renal and urinary tract conditions.

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