Q66.22 Congenital metatarsus adductus

Name of the Condition

• Congenital Metatarsus Adductus

Summary

Congenital metatarsus adductus is a structural foot deformity present at birth characterized by an inward deviation of the forefoot, specifically the metatarsal bones. This condition affects foot alignment and may impact gait or footwear fitting as the child grows.

Causes

The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic factors and disruptions during fetal development. Abnormalities in bone or soft tissue development may contribute to the deformity.

Risk Factors

• Family history of congenital foot deformities
• Intrauterine positioning (e.g., limited space, breech presentation)
• Maternal health conditions during pregnancy
• Prematurity or low birth weight

Symptoms

• Visible inward deviation of the forefoot at birth
• Altered forefoot alignment (e.g., inward positioning)
• Limited range of motion in the foot or toes
• Difficulty fitting standard footwear as the child grows

Diagnosis

Physical examination by a healthcare provider to assess forefoot alignment and metatarsal positioning. Imaging studies (e.g., X-rays) may be used to evaluate bone structure in older children. Prenatal ultrasound may detect certain deformities before birth in some cases.

Treatment Options

• Observation for mild cases
• Orthotic devices or bracing to support alignment
• Physical therapy to improve flexibility and strength
• Surgical intervention in severe or persistent cases

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With early intervention, many children achieve improved alignment and function. Regular follow-up is important to monitor development and adjust treatment as needed.

Complications

• Persistent deformity requiring surgical correction
• Difficulty with footwear or gait abnormalities
• Potential association with other foot or lower limb deformities

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Ensure proper footwear fitting for growing children
• Encourage normal foot movement and activity
• Avoid restrictive footwear that may exacerbate deformity

When to Seek Professional Help

Consult a healthcare provider if the deformity is severe, worsening, or causing pain, difficulty walking, or significant footwear issues.

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the specific foot affected (if applicable) and any associated conditions. Ensure clinical notes support the diagnosis and any treatment provided.