P54.0 Neonatal hematemesis

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- Neonatal hematemesis

#### Summary
Neonatal hematemesis refers to the occurrence of vomiting blood in a newborn infant. This condition can be alarming and requires immediate medical evaluation to determine the cause and appropriate management.

#### Causes
- Swallowed maternal blood (during delivery or breastfeeding)
- Gastritis or ulcerations in the newborn's stomach
- Coagulopathy or bleeding disorders
- Congenital vascular anomalies
- Esophageal or gastric trauma

#### Risk Factors
- Birth trauma
- Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by the mother near delivery
- Maternal conditions leading to blood ingestion by the infant

#### Symptoms
- Vomiting fresh or dark brown (resembling coffee grounds) blood
- Lethargy or irritability
- Signs of anemia (pale skin, rapid heartbeat)
- Difficulty feeding

#### Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Apt test to differentiate between maternal and fetal blood
- Blood tests to evaluate hemoglobin levels and coagulation profile
- Endoscopy in certain cases to identify gastrointestinal sources of bleeding

#### Treatment Options
- Stabilization with fluids and blood transfusions if needed
- Addressing the underlying cause, e.g., treating coagulopathy
- Monitoring and managing symptoms like anemia

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
- The prognosis varies depending on the underlying cause.
- Regular follow-up is essential to ensure the condition is managed and to monitor for any recurrences.

#### Complications
- Severe anemia
- Hypovolemic shock if bleeding is significant and not controlled

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- Early detection of coagulopathies or other maternal issues that could lead to neonatal hematemesis
- Proper breastfeeding techniques to prevent swallowing maternal blood

#### When to Seek Professional Help
- Persistent or significant vomiting of blood
- Signs of anemia or distress in the newborn

#### Additional Resources
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Neonatal Hematology & Oncology associations
- Support groups for parents of newborns with health complications

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure to differentiate between different types of neonatal bleeding when coding.
- Verify the underlying cause to use any additional specific codes that might apply.
- Be wary of confusing P54.0 (Neonatal hematemesis) with other similar neonatal hemorrhagic conditions.

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