Name of the Procedure:

Catheter, Drainage (C1729) Common name: Drainage Catheter Insertion Technical or medical term: Percutaneous Catheter Drainage

Summary

A catheter drainage procedure involves inserting a thin, flexible tube (catheter) into a body cavity to drain fluids. This procedure can relieve symptoms and prevent complications associated with fluid buildup.

Purpose

Catheter drainage helps manage medical conditions like abscesses or fluid collections in the chest, abdomen, or other body parts. The goal is to remove excess fluids, reduce symptoms like pain or swelling, and prevent further complications.

Indications

• Persistent or recurrent fluid collections (e.g., pleural effusion, ascites)
• Abscesses
• Cysts
• Post-surgical fluid accumulations
• Infections that produce localized fluid accumulation

Preparation

• Fasting for a few hours before the procedure
• Stopping certain medications, like blood thinners, as advised
• Diagnostic imaging (e.g., ultrasound, CT scan) to locate fluid accumulation
• Blood tests to check coagulation status

Procedure Description

1. Pre-procedure assessment: Confirm the patient's condition and the site for catheter insertion using imaging.
2. Anesthesia: Local anesthesia or mild sedation to numb the insertion site.
3. Insertion: A small incision is made, and a needle is introduced to guide the catheter to the fluid collection area.
4. Placement: The catheter is positioned to allow fluid drainage, secured in place, and connected to a drainage bag if needed.
5. Monitoring: Continuous monitoring to ensure proper drainage and to manage any immediate complications.

Duration

Typically, the procedure takes about 30 minutes to an hour.

Setting

This procedure is performed in various settings such as:

• Hospitals
• Outpatient clinics
• Surgical centers

Personnel

• Interventional radiologist or surgeon
• Nurses
• Anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist (if sedation is used)

Risks and Complications

• Infection at the insertion site
• Bleeding
• Organ injury
• Pain or discomfort at the catheter site
• Catheter blockage or dislodgement
• Reaction to anesthesia or sedation

Benefits

Removing excess fluids can:

• Alleviate symptoms such as pain, swelling, or respiratory distress
• Reduce the risk of further complications like infections or organ damage
• Improve overall patient comfort and quality of life

Benefits typically become apparent within a few hours to days after the procedure.

Recovery

• Immediate light activity, avoiding strenuous movements
• Daily monitoring and cleaning of the catheter site
• Possible antibiotic therapy to prevent infection
• Follow-up appointments to assess the catheter's function and remove it once fluid drainage is complete
• Typically, recovery spans from a few days to a week, depending on the patient's condition.

Alternatives

• Medication management (e.g., diuretics)
• Open surgical drainage
• Observation and repeat imaging Pros and cons:
• Medication can be less invasive but may not be effective for all fluid accumulations.
• Open surgical drainage may be more thorough but involves greater risks and longer recovery.

Patient Experience

• Patients may feel a pinch or pressure during anesthesia and insertion.
• Mild discomfort or pain post-procedure, managed with prescribed medications.
• Regular monitoring of catheter site to prevent infection and ensure proper drainage. Comfort measures include local anesthesia, mild sedation, and post-procedural pain management strategies.