O43.813 Placental infarction, third trimester

Name of the Condition

• Placental Infarction, Third Trimester

Summary

Placental infarction in the third trimester refers to the localized death of placental tissue during late pregnancy. This condition may affect placental function and requires monitoring to assess potential impacts on fetal well-being and maternal health.

Causes

Placental infarction can result from disruptions in placental blood flow, such as thrombosis or vascular occlusion. Other contributing factors may include maternal vascular conditions, inflammation, or abnormalities in placental implantation.

Risk Factors

• Pre-existing maternal conditions like hypertension or diabetes.
• Substance use (e.g., smoking) during pregnancy.
• Advanced maternal age.
• History of placental complications in prior pregnancies.
• Uterine abnormalities or prior uterine surgery.

Symptoms

• Vaginal bleeding, which may be light or heavy.
• Abdominal pain or cramping.
• Reduced fetal movement.
• Abnormal fetal growth patterns on ultrasound.
• Maternal high blood pressure or preeclampsia.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves ultrasound imaging to assess placental structure and identify areas of infarction. Doppler studies may evaluate blood flow, and maternal monitoring for signs of complications is standard.

Treatment Options

Management focuses on monitoring placental function and fetal status. Interventions may include bed rest, blood pressure control, or delivery planning based on severity and gestational age.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Prognosis depends on the extent of placental involvement and fetal response. Regular follow-up with ultrasound and fetal monitoring is essential to assess for complications and guide care.

Complications

• Fetal growth restriction.
• Preterm labor or delivery.
• Maternal preeclampsia or eclampsia.
• Placental abruption.
• Stillbirth (in severe cases).

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Maintain regular prenatal care.
• Manage chronic conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes).
• Avoid smoking and substance use.
• Follow provider guidance on activity and rest.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek care if experiencing vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, reduced fetal movement, or signs of preeclampsia (e.g., headache, vision changes).

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the trimester and any associated complications (e.g., preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction) to support accurate coding. Ensure clinical correlation with imaging or lab findings when available.