Name of the Condition

• Epididymo-orchitis

Summary

• Epididymo-orchitis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation of both the epididymis and the testicle. This condition can cause pain and swelling in the affected area and is most frequently caused by infections.

Causes

• Commonly caused by bacterial infections, including sexually transmitted infections (e.g., gonorrhea, chlamydia) or urinary tract infections. It can also result from viral infections, such as mumps, or less frequently from non-infectious causes like trauma.

Risk Factors

• Being sexually active, particularly with multiple partners, not using protection during intercourse, previous urinary tract infections, or a recent surgery involving the urinary tract or nearby structures can increase risk.

Symptoms

• Pain and swelling in the scrotum, tenderness in the testicle, fever, pain during urination or intercourse, and sometimes discharge from the penis.

Diagnosis

• Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, patient history, urine analysis, and sometimes an ultrasound to assess testicular conditions and rule out complications like torsion.

Treatment Options

• Treatment often includes antibiotics to clear bacterial infections, anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling, and sometimes supportive care such as scrotal elevation and cold compresses.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• With proper treatment, epididymo-orchitis usually resolves without long-term effects. Follow-up is essential to ensure the infection is fully cleared and to monitor for complications.

Complications

• If not promptly treated, epididymo-orchitis can lead to abscess formation, chronic pain, and in rare cases, infertility due to testicular damage.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Practicing safe sex, such as using condoms and regular testing for STIs, reduces risk. Good hygiene and prompt treatment of urinary infections are also important preventive measures.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Immediate medical attention is necessary if there is sudden severe pain, swelling, or if usual symptoms persist after treatment.

Additional Resources

• CDC: Information on STIs and prevention.
• Mayo Clinic: Patient information on epididymitis and orchitis.
• American Urological Association: Guidelines for managing infections affecting the male reproductive system.

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure accurate coding by distinguishing between isolated epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis.
• Double-check for any additional diagnoses or complications that may need separate coding.
• Be aware of potential confusion with similar conditions, such as orchitis alone, which requires different coding.