M86.369 Chronic multifocal osteomyelitis, unspecified tibia and fibula

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- Chronic multifocal osteomyelitis, unspecified tibia and fibula

#### Summary
Chronic multifocal osteomyelitis (CMO) is a condition characterized by inflammation of the bone, often in multiple areas, including the tibia and fibula. It presents as long-lasting and recurrent episodes of bone inflammation.

#### Causes
The exact causes of CMO are not well-understood. It is thought to be multifactorial, potentially involving genetic predisposition and autoimmune responses rather than infections, which are common causes of other forms of osteomyelitis.

#### Risk Factors
- Family history of autoimmune or inflammatory disorders
- Certain genetic mutations
- Age, with children and adolescents more commonly affected

#### Symptoms
- Persistent bone pain
- Swelling and redness over the affected bones
- Fever during flares
- Reduced mobility in severe cases

#### Diagnosis
- Clinical examination and detailed medical history
- Imaging studies such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans
- Blood tests to rule out infection and assess inflammatory markers
- Biopsy may be performed in uncertain cases

#### Treatment Options
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation
- Corticosteroids in cases of severe inflammation
- Biological therapies or disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) may be used in refractory cases
- Physical therapy to maintain mobility

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
CMO can be a long-term condition requiring careful management to control symptoms and prevent complications. Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers are crucial to monitor disease progression and adjust treatment regimens.

#### Complications
- Growth abnormalities in children
- Bone deformities
- Chronic pain
- Risk of fractures due to weakened bone structure

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and regular exercise
- Early intervention and adherence to treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent complications
- Regular monitoring of bone health

#### When to Seek Professional Help
Immediate medical attention is needed if there is severe pain, significant swelling, persistent fever, or reduction in limb function.

#### Additional Resources
- [National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)](https://rarediseases.org)
- [Children's Health Information Network](https://www.chp.edu)
- [Canadian Hemophilia Society](https://www.hemophilia.ca)

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure the chronic nature and multifocal involvement are documented.
- Avoid confusion with acute forms or single-site osteomyelitis.
- Confirm unspecified tibia and fibula are indicated appropriately in patient documentation.

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