M75.00 Adhesive capsulitis of unspecified shoulder

Name of the Condition

• Common Name: Frozen Shoulder
• Medical Term: Adhesive Capsulitis of Unspecified Shoulder
• ICD Code: M75.00

Summary

Adhesive capsulitis of the unspecified shoulder, commonly referred to as frozen shoulder, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. Over time, the shoulder becomes increasingly difficult to move, with symptoms typically progressing through stages of pain and limited mobility.

Causes

The exact cause of adhesive capsulitis is not fully understood. It may develop after shoulder injury, surgery, or due to prolonged shoulder immobility. It can also be idiopathic, where no specific cause is identified. The condition involves thickening and tightening of the shoulder joint capsule, restricting movement.

Risk Factors

• Age: Most common in people aged 40 to 60.
• Gender: More prevalent in women than men.
• Health conditions: Higher occurrence in individuals with diabetes, thyroid disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.
• Immobility: Prolonged immobility of the shoulder, often after surgery or fracture.

Symptoms

• Gradual onset of shoulder pain and stiffness.
• Limited range of motion in the shoulder.
• Difficulty performing daily activities that involve lifting the arm.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a physical examination to assess shoulder movement and pain levels. Imaging tests like X-rays or MRI may be used to rule out other conditions such as arthritis or rotator cuff tears. Clinical history, including any prior shoulder injuries or surgeries, is also evaluated.

Treatment Options

• Physical Therapy: Exercises to improve range of motion and strength.
• Medications: NSAIDs for pain and inflammation.
• Corticosteroid Injections: To reduce inflammation and pain.
• Joint Distension: Injecting sterile fluid into the joint to stretch the capsule.
• Surgery: In severe cases, procedures like manipulation under anesthesia or arthroscopic surgery may be considered.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Most cases of adhesive capsulitis resolve over time, typically within 1 to 3 years. Treatment can help speed recovery and reduce pain. Follow-up care may include ongoing physical therapy and monitoring for recurrence or complications.

Complications

• Prolonged stiffness or limited mobility.
• Chronic pain.
• Reduced quality of life due to difficulty with daily activities.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Maintain shoulder mobility through regular exercise.
• Avoid prolonged immobility, especially after surgery or injury.
• Manage underlying conditions like diabetes or thyroid disorders.
• Use proper techniques during physical activities to reduce strain.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek medical attention if shoulder pain is severe, worsens over time, or limits daily activities. Prompt evaluation is important if symptoms do not improve with home care or if there is a history of shoulder injury or surgery.

Tips for Medical Coders

When coding M75.00, ensure documentation specifies the shoulder as "unspecified" and does not indicate a laterality (right or left). Verify that the diagnosis aligns with clinical findings, as adhesive capsulitis requires confirmation of shoulder stiffness and pain. Documentation should support the absence of a specified shoulder side to justify the use of this code.